Transcript Biodiversity unit

Review vocabulary and concepts
BIODIVERSITY UNIT
VIRUSES

What are they?
 Genetic
material (DNA/RNA) surrounded by a
protein coat

Give 2 reasons why they could be considered
alive
 Can
replicate when they are in a living organism
 Have DNA or RNA
VIRUSES

Give 2 reasons why they could be considered
nonliving
 No
cell structures
 Can’t carry on life processes without a host
organism
 Can’t move, grow or feed
ARCHAEA

Characteristics?
 Prokaryotes
(do not have a nucleus)
 Single celled
 Reproduce asexually
 Live in extreme places (Extremophiles)
BACTERIA

Characteristics?
 Prokaryotes
(do not have a nucleus)
 Single celled
 Reproduce asexually
 Live almost everywhere
BACTERIA

What is an antibiotic?
A
medicine used to kill bacteria inside our bodies
 Some antibiotics are made by bacteria to kill other
bacteria
BACTERIA

What is an aerobe?
 An

organism that needs oxygen to live
What is an anaerobe?
 An
organism that does not need oxygen to live
BACTERIA

What are some types of food/beverages that
bacteria are used to make?
 Yogurt,
sour cream and some cheeses
 Vinegar, soy sauce
 Pickles, sauerkraut, kim chi
BACTERIA

What are some diseases or problems that
bacteria cause in humans?
 Tuberculosis,
pneumonia
 Strep throat, ear infections
 Food poisoning by Salmonella, E.coli, and botulism
 Tooth decay, acne
ARCHEA & BACTERIA

What is binary fission?
A
type of asexual reproduction
 A parent cell doubles its DNA and then pinches off
into 2 identical cells
KINGDOM: PROTISTS

Characteristics?
 Eukaryotes
 Mostly
single celled
 Some have a cell wall
 Some have chloroplasts
 Some can move
 Asexual reproduction (but some can do both)
 Ex. Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, Slime molds
KINGDOM: PROTISTS

Why is the protist kingdom sometimes called
the “junk” kingdom?
 The
protist kingdom includes organisms that share
some characteristics with plants, animals and fungi
but that are simpler or single-celled.
KINGDOM: FUNGI

Characteristics?
 Eukaryotes
 Mostly
multicellular
 Some have a cell wall
 Do not have chloroplasts
 Can’t move
 Both asexual and sexual reproduction
 Ex. Molds, mildews, mushrooms, yeast, lichen
FUNGI

What are hyphae?
 Cells
connected in long tubes
 They are threadlike

What are spores?
 Small,
circular cells that will become new fungi if
they land on a suitable food source
FUNGI

How do fungi get their food?
 They
ooze digestive enzymes which break down
food into smaller molecules which are then
absorbed by the hyphae

What is a decomposer?
 An
organism that breaks down dead tissue
FUNGI

What energy process do yeast do?
 Fermentation

What is the equation for this process?
 Sugar
 CO2 + Alcohol + 2ATP
KINGDOM: PLANTS

Characteristics?
 Eukaryotes
 Multicellular
 Have
a cell wall and chloroplasts
 Can’t move
 Most do sexual reproduction, but some can do
asexual reproduction too
 Ex. Mosses, ferns, grasses, trees, daffodils
PLANTS

What energy process do plants do to make
their food?
 Photosynthesis

What is the equation for this process?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light  6O2 + C6H12O6
KINGDOM: ANIMALS

Characteristics?
 Eukaryotes
 Multicellular
 Do
not have a cell wall or chloroplasts
 Can move (at some point in life cycle)
 Most do sexual reproduction, but some can do
asexual reproduction too
 Ex. Sponges, clams, crabs, bees, sea stars, dogs,
snakes
ANIMALS

What energy process do animals and plants do
to release energy from their food?
 Respiration

What is the equation for this process?
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O+Energy(ATP)