Transcript Unit 3 Notes: The Large Intestine & Digestive Disorders

Unit 3 Notes:
The Large Intestine
(1) Large Intestine Regions
• Cecum = 1st Chamber
• Ascending Colon = Upwards
• Transverse Colon = Across
• Descending Colon = Downwards
• Rectum & Anus
(2) That Appendix
• Sits beneath cecum
• Often collects waste and bacteria 
Appendicitis
• Functions:
–Produces white blood cells and
antibodies for immunity.
–Used to serve a role in cellulose
digestion.
(3) Passing Through the Colon…
• Waste slowly moves through
Large Intestine.
• Water reabsorbed through
microvilli.
–Result = Solidified waste mass
(Feces)
(4) The Rectum & Anus
• Rectum = Inside part
• Anus = Outside part = Butthole
• Mechanism:
– Remaining waste drops first into rectum
– Lands on top of Involuntary Sphincter
– Opens w/pressure
– Lands on top of Voluntary Sphincter
– Made of Skeletal Muscle that you control
(5) Diarrhea
• Watery fecal waste.
• Initiated when you eat something harmful or
irritating.
• Waste is forced through intestines too fast:
– Water cannot be absorbed from waste solution.
– Waste exits body extremely liquid-y.
(6) Constipation
• Backed up fecal waste in the large intestine.
• Typically the result of:
– Overly fatty and dense waste.
– Dehydration and extremely dry, brittle waste.
• Waste becomes unable to easily slide through
intestines.
(7) Hernia
• When a small portion of the intestine tears through the
abdominal muscle.
• The curl of the intestine shows directly under top layer
of skin.
• Usually the result of excessive abdominal contracting
and/or force.
• Chunk of intestine must be surgically placed back into
abdominal cavity, underneath muscle.
(8) Hemorrhoids
• Rupturing of anal cavity blood vessels:
– Typically balloon out of the anus.
– However sometimes can impact colon.
• Usually caused by excessive anal force or
exertion…
– Example: During times of crazy pooping (usually
after constipation…. Yeah… I said “crazy pooping”).
(9) Canker Sore
• Open wound or ulcer inside the mouth.
• Result of excessive acid eating away at the oral
tissue.
• Can Be Caused By:
– Stress
– Excessive bacterial growth (producing more acid)
– Eating too much acidic food
(10) Ulcer
• Same as a canker sore, but in the stomach.
• Same causes as with canker sores.
(12) Crohn’s Disease
• Autoimmune disease.
• Causes white blood cells to attack intestinal
cells.
– This causes sensitivity and inflammation of the
intestines.
– Makes it difficult to properly metabolize food,
absorb nutrients, water, and excrete waste.
(13) Vomiting
• The opposite of diarrhea.
• Caused by eating something irritating or
harmful.
• Body prevents full digestion and absorption,
ejecting food out of the stomach and mouth.
(14) Heartburn
• The feeling of acid burning the esophageal
tissue, around the heart-chest-cavity.
• Due to a loose esophageal sphincter:
– Stomach acid is able to easily spit out and up into
the esophagus.
– Can be caused by a structural defect, or eating
certain preservatives/spices.