Transcript Age of Exploration: Early American Explorers

Age of Exploration:
Early American Explorers
By: Kristi Walker
4th Grade
Words To Know
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Conquistador
Expedition
Cartographer
Compass
Circumnavigate
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Colony
Voyage
Columbian Exchange
Spanish Mission
Conquistador
• A soldier who
conquered
new lands for
Spain.
Expedition
• A journey made for a special purpose.
Cartographer
• A map maker.
• A navigational
instrument
used to
determine
direction.
Compass
Circumnavigate
• To sail all the way around – particularly
the earth.
Colony
• A settlement
far away from
the country
that rules it.
Voyage
• A long journey
by sea.
Columbian Exchange
• The movement of people, plants, animals,
and germs across the Atlantic Ocean.
Spanish Missions
• Religious
settlements
built by the
Spanish.
Why go exploring?
• Foreign Goods – People went in search of
spices and other goods, such as silk, that could
not be found in their country.
• Wealth – People wanted to find gold, silver,
gems, and furs.
• Curiosity – People wanted to know what was
out there.
• Expansion – To claim new lands for their
country.
• Religion – Europeans were very religious and
wanted to spread Christianity.
• Trade – To find better trade routes between
other countries.
Explorers we will study:
Columbus
Pizarro
Balboa
De Soto
Christopher Columbus
Click image for Columbus Video
Columbus: When?
• In 1492 Columbus sailed the
ocean blue!
Was He First?
• NO! Viking explorers reached
North America long before
Columbus.
• However, Columbus receives the
credit for discovering America.
Columbus: How?
• Columbus convinced King
Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
of Spain to finance his
expedition.
Columbus: Why?
• Columbus hoped to
find gold, spices and
other treasures.
• He also wanted to
discover a western
route to Asia.
Columbus
• Columbus left Spain on
August 3, 1492.
• He took 90 men and 3
ships.
• They sailed for more
than 2 months before
they saw land.
Columbus
• The names of his ships were the Nina,
Pinta, and the Santa Maria.
Columbus
• They landed in a
group of islands
known as the
Bahamas on
October 12, 1942.
• He named the
island San Salvador.
Columbus
• He thought that
he had landed in
the East Indies,
so he called the
people that he
met Indians.
Columbus: Route
Columbus
• Columbus thought that he had landed
in Asia (India is in Asia) but instead, he
had found a “New World!”
• Columbus took three more trips from
Spain to the New World and began
European exploration to America.
Why It Matters?
• Columbus began the movement called the
Columbian Exchange.
• Columbian Exchange is the movement of plants,
people, animals and diseases across the Atlantic
Ocean.
• The Columbian Exchange changed life on all five
continents for good and for bad.
• Good changes: Foods and horses
• Bad changes: Diseases that killed the Indians
Columbian Exchange
Click Brain Pop Logo for Columbian Exchange Video
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Balboa
• Balboa was the first Spanish
Conquistador to conquer
native civilizations.
• He is known for discovering
the Pacific Ocean and
adjoining lands and claiming
them for Spain.
Balboa
• After sailing on another expedition, Balboa
started a plantation on the island of
Hispaniola.
• When his plantation failed he fled to San
Sebastian, on the northern coast of South
America.
Balboa
• Upon arrival, he
discovered that the
settlement had been
destroyed by Native
Americans.
• He persuaded the
survivors to move to the
Isthmus of Panama, along
the Atlantic Coast, where
he founded the
settlement of Darien.
Balboa
• Balboa was accused of treason. To save his
life, he would have to prove his loyalty to
the king of Spain.
• He had heard about a great sea on the
other side of the Isthmus of Panama so he
set out to find the sea and claim it for
Spain in 1513.
Balboa
• With 190 Spanish soldiers and 1,000
Native Americans, Balboa crossed the thick
Central American jungle.
• On the other side, he found the great sea.
He named it Mar del Sur, or the South Sea.
• It was later renamed the Pacific Ocean by
Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan.
Balboa: Route
Francisco Pizarro
Pizarro
• Pizarro is
known for
conquering the
Incan Empire.
Pizarro
• After Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for
Spain, he set up a seaport in Panama.
Expeditions began to sail up and down the
Pacific Coast from this port.
• These expeditions had 2 main goals: find a
water route through the Isthmus of
Panama and to find the wealthy empire of
the Inca.
Pizarro
• Pizarro and his men, 177 of them, would
have to cross the dangerous cliffs of the
Andes Mountains to reach the Incan
Empire.
• Because Pizarro promised peace, his
expedition was allowed to pass through
this territory without being attacked.
Pizarro
• But Pizarro had other plans! He was going
to attack the Incan leader, Atahaulpa and
his army!
• Worried that he might be “walking into a
trap,” Pizarro invited Atahaulpa to meet
him at the main square.
Pizarro
• The main square had long, low buildings
that had lots of doorways. Pizarro hid his
army near these openings, ready to
attack.
• The Incans showed up unarmed.
Pizarro
• Pizarro sent a religious leader (known as a
friar) to talk to the Incan leader and try to
get him to convert to Christianity.
• When they refused, Pizarro ordered an
attack and all his men jumped out of their
hiding spots.
• At least 2,000 Inca – and maybe more –
were killed in the surprise attack.
Pizarro: Route
Hernando de Soto
De Soto
• De Soto was the
first European to
explore Florida
and much of the
Southeast.
• He is credited with
discovering the
Mississippi river.
De Soto
• In May, 1539, Hernando de Soto landed
near present day Tampa Bay Florida.
• His expedition included 9 vessels, an army
of more than 600 men, and about 200
horses.
• He was in search of gold, silver, and other
valuable natural resources but the
expedition never found any riches.
De Soto
• De Soto and his army crossed the
Mississippi River on rafts and spent the
winter in the Arkansas valley near present
day Little Rock.
• In the spring, they traveled eastward to
the Mississippi River, where De Soto died
in May, 1542.
De Soto
• After De Soto died, the rest of the
expedition continued down the
Mississippi River on rafts and along the
Gulf of Mexico.
• The explorers never found what they were
looking for but the 4 year trip helped the
Spanish draw maps of much of
southeastern North America.
De Soto
De Soto: Route
Focus Questions:
1. Why did Pizarro search for the Inca
empire?
He wanted to take their riches. The
Spanish were searching for gold and silver
in the Americas. They wanted to conquer
the Incas because they were weathy.
Focus Questions:
2. When Columbus landed in the
Bahamas, what place did he think he
discovered?
He thought he had found the East Indies
but in reality he had found the West Indies
and Central America.
Focus Questions:
3. What was Hernando de Soto hoping to
find on his expedition?
Gold and other riches.
Focus Questions:
4. What did Balboa name the great sea?
The South Sea.