Transcript Why explore? - Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools

As you get seated…

Go ahead and start working on the
Columbus Journal Activity. You’ll have
12 minutes to complete the
assignment.
UNIT 1:
EXPLORATION AND
COLONIZATION
Today’s essential question
What were the motivating
factors that caused explorers
and colonists to come to
America?
Think about it…
Why leave what you know?
What could push or pull
you to leave WinstonSalem? NC? The US?
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Exploration review/introduction
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Why explore?
Push Factors & Pull Factors
Push Factors – Examples?
Persecution
Discrimination
War
Etc.!
Pull Factors – Examples?
Economic opportunity
Religious freedom
Etc.!
Push-Pull Factors
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Push factors PUSH people out of an area and into
another.
EX: 30,000 Honduran and Guatemalan kids at US
border leaving murder-high/poor countries
Pull factors PULL people towards an area out of
another.
EX: Good jobs, better climate, religious tolerance,
etc.
What Cultural Factors could Push or
Pull people?
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Forced Migration vs. Voluntary Migration
Examples?
Economic Factors that could Push or
Pull people?
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Examples?
Environmental Factors that could
Push or Pull people?
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Examples?
Causes of European Exploration
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Push Factors
 Crusades
 Holy
wars fought between Christians and Muslims for
Jerusalem
 Results?
 Renaissance
 Rebirth
of knowledge after Middle Ages
 Causes? Results?
Push-Pull Factors
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Why Explore?
 Knowledge
 Gold
 God
 Glory
(the 3 Gs)
 Technology
 Trade (Marco Polo & the quest for Asian goods)
 Competition between rival countries (France, England,
Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, etc.)
The Caravel
Marco Polo
Humanism
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Greek belief in the perfection of humanity
Major change from the thinking of the Middle Ages
The Dome of Florence (Brunelleschi)
1420
Leonardo, the Artist:
From hisNotebooks of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)
Portugal takes the lead!
Prince Henry “the Navigator”
Opened the first school of
navigation
Never actually navigated
anything
Sought a faster route to the
Portugal’s Asian Possessions
(Spice Islands)
GOAL: PORTUGUESE EMPIRE,
SPREAD CATHOLICISM,
TRADE
Voyages to Africa
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1400s – Portuguese explorers searched Africa’s
western coast for gold and spices
Pope Nicholas V – granted rights to all lands
claimed in return for converting inhabitants
Kill all who resist
Vasco da Gama
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Portuguese explorer
Discovered an allwater route from
Europe to India
Brought spices back to
Portugal and made
huge profits—leading
others to make similar
trips
African Resistance
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War and disease temporarily stop Portugal, but
eventually Africa will be won through trade
Portuguese Trade – pepper, gold, cloth and ivory in
exchange for guns, gunpowder, and later rum
The Spanish Monarchy – King Ferdinand and
Queen Isabella
Spanish Goals for the Exploration
1.
2.
3.
Expand Spanish Empire
Overtake Portuguese
Spread Catholicism
Why Asia?
First of all, where is Asia?
 Why would people in Europe want to have a direct
route there (to the East)
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CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
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What do you already know about him?
In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue.
In 1493, he returned to make slaves of all he’d
see.
“One of the greatest mariners in history, a
visionary genius, a mystic, a national hero, a
failed administrator, a naïve entrepreneur, and
a ruthless and greedy imperialist.”
 From The Library of Congress’ 1429: AN
ONGOING VOYAGE
Christopher Columbus
Columbus, an Italian, met
Ferdy and Izzy’s goals.
Columbus was to find a
direct route to ASIA by
TRAVELING WEST from
SPAIN!
He ran into something else.
Columbus’ voyage
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Columbus’ voyage
John Green Crash Course Clip (4:20)
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjEGncridoQ&list=UUX6b17PVsYBQ0ip5gyeme-Q&index=22&feature=plcp
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 Traveling
for Spain (King Ferdinand and Queen
Isabella)
 Where did he think he landed?
 The East Indies
 Where did he land?
 Landed in San Salvador
CENTRAL AMERICA
He called the Natives “Indians” because he thought he had arrived in India.
Tales of his journeys lead to a new demand among Europeans to colonize the “New World”
The Age of Conquest had begun!
Columbus’ Discoveries and Claims
1492 – Columbus leaves Spain on three
ships (Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria) with 90
men
 Land sighted six weeks later (the
Bahamas), colonized natives
 Returned later and enslaved natives in a
quest for gold
 Eventually thousands die to the Spanish
conquistadores
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English Explorers
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John Cabot (Italian hired
by Henry VII)– 1497 –
believed Columbus
discovered Asia
Landed in Canada
2nd Voyage sailed as far
south as Maryland
Claimed all land for
England (“New England”)
French Explorers
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Focused on Northern
areas
Claimed Canada for
fishing and fur trade
Jacques Cartier – 1534
– followed St. Lawrence
River inland, claiming all
lands for France
Other Spaniards
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1539 – Hernando de Soto –
lands in Florida, claims all
lands north to Arkansas
Plundered native villages for
gold, died during war along
the Mississippi
1566 – Juan Pardo
established St. Augustine, FL
– oldest colony in “New
World”
Essential Question PT. 2
How did the interactions
between Europeans and
Native Americans impact each
group?
What came to be called “America”
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By 1492, people had lived in the Western Hemisphere for tens of
thousands of years without sustained contact with other parts of the
world (Europe, Africa, Asia)
 Where
is the Western Hemisphere? (someone show us on the map in the
classroom)
AMERIGO VESPUCCI
In 1510, reached the coast of what is now South
America
 Proved Columbus wrong
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 What
about Columbus’ ideas were incorrect?
 Where did Columbus think that he originally landed?
 The
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East Indies (What today is Indonesia)
Letters about the New World inspired
mapmakers to coin the new land as “America”
trade
What is trade?
 Why do people trade?
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Now… look at the tag of your shirt, or
find something that says where it’s made.
Where
are your items made?
Introduction to the Columbian exchange
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNpfM4
&feature=BFa&list=UUX6b17PVsYBQ0ip5gyemeQ
Contact with Europeans
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Contact brought to the Native Americans new food
products and tools
Also brought new diseases
Over half of the Native American population would
die within a century
The Rise of Sugar Plantations
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Cash Crops of the New World – Sugar cane, Indigo,
Tobacco, Cotton
Plantations – large farms designed for one crop
Brazil, Jamaica, Barbados and Cuba – major
plantation sites
Natives were first enslaved, followed by Africans
Thousands died
Columbian exchange
Columbian Exchange
PLEASE…. DO NOT CONFUSE
COLUMBIAN AND TRIANGLE
TRADE!
Triangular Trade
*Clarification: Differences between
Columbian exchange and Triangle Trade*
The Columbian Exchange was exchange of
native plants, animals, disease, and eventually
language and culture… LARGELY
UNINTENTIONAL (Created by a clash of
multiple foreign groups now interacting!)
The Triangle Trade was a more intended
consequence of trading goods between the big
3 trade routes on the Atlantic Ocean
Ticket out the door
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Answer EQ on scratch paper in 3-5 sentences.
DATE IT AND PUT A HEADING!
How did the interactions
between Europeans and
Native Americans impact each
group?