Transcript Unit II – Cultures Meet

UNIT 1:
AGE OF EXPLORATION
Today’s essential question
Why was there a desire for
direct trade to Asia and how
did it lead England to create
colonies in the New World?
Causes of European Exploration

Push Factors
 Crusades
 Holy
wars fought between Christians and Muslims for
Jerusalem
 Results?
 Renaissance
 Rebirth
of knowledge after Middle Ages
 Causes? Results?
Push-Pull Factors

Why Explore?
 Knowledge
 Gold
 God
 Glory
 Technology
 Trade
The Caravel
Portugal takes the lead!
Prince Henry “the Navigator”
Opened the first school of
navigation
Never actually navigated
anything
Sought a faster route to the
Portugal’s Asian Possessions
(Spice Islands)
GOAL: PORTUGUESE EMPIRE,
SPREAD CATHOLICISM,
TRADE
Voyages to Africa



1400s – Portuguese explorers searched Africa’s
western coast for gold and spices
Pope Nicholas V – granted rights to all lands
claimed in return for converting inhabitants
Kill all who resist
Portuguese Explorers
Vasco de Gama
*Sets out to find a faster
route to India, around
Africa
African Resistance


War and disease temporarily stop Portugal, but
eventually Africa will be won through trade
Portuguese Trade – pepper, gold, cloth and ivory in
exchange for guns, gunpowder, and later rum
The Spanish Monarchy – King Ferdinand and
Queen Isabella
Spanish Goals for the Exploration
1.
2.
3.
Spanish Empire
Overtake Portuguese
Spread Catholicism
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS




What do you already know about him?
In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue.
In 1493, he returned to make slaves of all he’d
see.
“One of the greatest mariners in history, a
visionary genius, a mystic, a national hero, a
failed administrator, a naïve entrepreneur, and
a ruthless and greedy imperialist.”
 From The Library of Congress’ 1429: AN
ONGOING VOYAGE
Christopher Columbus
Columbus, an Italian, met
Ferdy and Izzy’s goals.
Columbus was to find a
direct route to ASIA by
TRAVELING WEST from
SPAIN!
He ran into something else.
Columbus’ voyage

Columbus’ voyage
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjEGncridoQ&list=UUX6b17PVsYBQ0ip5gyemeQ&index=22&feature=plcp
 Traveling
for Spain (King Ferdinand and Queen
Isabella)
 Where did he think he landed?
 The East Indies
 Where did he land?
 Landed in San Salvador
CENTRAL AMERICA
He called the Natives “Indians” because he thought he had arrived in India.
Tales of his journeys lead to a new demand among Europeans to colonize the “New World”
The Age of Conquest had begun!
Columbus’ Discoveries and Claims




1492 – Columbus leaves Spain on three ships (Nina,
Pinta, Santa Maria) with 90 men
Land sighted six weeks later (the Bahamas),
colonized natives
Returned later and enslaved natives in a quest for
gold
Eventually thousands die to the Spanish
conquistadores
English Explorers




John Cabot – 1497 –
believed Columbus
discovered Asia
Landed in Canada
2nd Voyage sailed as far
south as Maryland
Claimed all land for
England (“New England”)
French Explorers



Focused on Northern
areas
Claimed Canada for
fishing and fur trade
Jacques Cartier – 1534
– followed St. Lawrence
River inland, claiming all
lands for France
Other Spaniards



1539 – Hernando de Soto –
lands in Florida, claims all
lands north to Arkansas
Plundered native villages for
gold, died during war along
the Mississippi
1566 – Juan Pardo
established St. Augustine, FL
– oldest colony in “New
World”
What came to be called “America”

By 1492, people had lived in the Western Hemisphere for tens of
thousands of years without sustained contact with other parts of the
world (Europe, Africa, Asia)
 Where
is the Western Hemisphere? (someone show us on the map in the
classroom)
AMERIGO VESPUCCI
In 1510, reached the coast of what is now South
America
 Proved Columbus wrong

 What
about Columbus’ ideas were incorrect?
 Where did Columbus think that he originally landed?
 The

East Indies (What today is Indonesia)
Recognized the New World as “America”
 Why
do you think it is named America?
Today’s essential question
What was the Columbian
Exchange and how did it relate to
movement and interaction
between the New and Old World?
Contact with Europeans



Contact brought to the Native Americans new food
products and tools
Also brought new diseases
Over half of the Native American population would
die within a century
Columbian exchange
Columbian Exchange
Triangular Trade