Transcript Spain Claims An Empire

Spain Claims An Empire
FROM WHO?
Warm Up
Suppose you are an explorer in the 1500s. You are
outfitting your ship for an ocean voyage. What will
you need? (list at least 5 items)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3521xURSXk8
In his own words: (Guess who wrote this)
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 11
He sailed to the west-south-west. They had much higher
sea than they had had in all the village. They saw petrels
and a green branch near the ship. Those on the caravel
Pinta saw a reed and a stick and they took another small
stick formed as it appeared with iron, and a piece of a reed
and other grass which grows on land, and a small board.
Those on the caravel Nina also saw other indications of
land a little branch full of dog-roses. With these signs
everyone breathed and rejoiced. They went 27 leagues
during this day up to sunset.
Spice Trade/Silk Road
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Silk_route.jpg
New Technology
 Caravel
 Portuguese
 Square and triangular sails
 Could sail with and against the wind
http://library.thinkquest.org/J0110360/Images/scarrack.jpg
Two early Portuguese explorers
 Bartolomeu Dias
 January 1488, sailed around the southern tip of Africa, named
it the Cape of Good Hope.
 Remember about the current we learned about?
 Vasco de Gama
 Followed Dias’ route, and kept going to India. Thus opening up
the trade route between Portugal and India.
http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/map.ht
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Jealousy
 First the Italians controlled trade with Asia
 Then the Portuguese
 What follows logically
Other countries want a piece of the pie!
Problem
 The Italians and Portuguese are the best sailors.
Solution
?
Problem
 The Italians and Portuguese are the best sailors.
Solution
 Hire an Italian or a Portuguese sailor
Christopher Columbus
 Italian sailor, from Genoa
 Thought he knew a faster route
 First asked Portuguese, then the Spanish royal court
 King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella assented and
funded the voyage
 3 ships



Niña
Pinta
Santa Maria
 First voyage left August 3, 1492, and arrive on
October 12.
Concept of the World
http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2010/05/05/article-1272921-093BA55C000005DC-175_634x426.jpg
How long was the trip?
 August 3rd to October 12?
How long was the trip?
 August 3rd to October 12?
 More than 2 months.
 The crew was close to mutiny. Columbus is said to
kept a duplicate log to indicate false progress to
show his crew.
Several Voyages
http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/56/89956-004-9851B885.gif
Christopher Columbus
The BAD
Two days after he “discovered” America, Columbus wrote in his
journal that with 50 men he could force “the entire population be
taken to Castile, or held captive.” On his second voyage, December
1494, Columbus captured 1,500 Tainos on the island of Hispaniola
and herded them to Isabela, where 550 of “the best males and
females” were forced aboard ships bound for the slave markets of
Seville.
Under Columbus’ leadership, the Spanish attacked Taino, sparing
neither men, women, nor children. Warfare, forced labor,
starvation, and disease reduced Hispaniola’s Taino population
(estimated at one million to two million in 1492) to extinction
within 30 years.
http://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/04/opinion/l-slavery-and-colonialism-make-up-the-true-legacy-of-columbus-866089.html?ref=christophercolumbus
Splitting up the World
 In response to westward exploration, Pope
Alexander VI drew an imaginary line around the
world. West of the line belonged to Spain, east to
Portugal.
 The king of Portugal petitioned for a new line, one
that favored Portugal. A new line was drawn.
Treaty of Tordesillas
http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa112999a.htm
Impact
What present day situations can be traced directly
back to the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Impact
What present day situations can be traced directly
back to the Treaty of Tordesillas?
 Brazil and Macau both speak Portuguese.
http://www.greece-map.net/south-america/south-america-map.gif
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/jEE5NgSvBAo/TjgJvePVwfI/AAAAAAAACp8/1vV3NhDAHxo/s1600/macau+map+2003b.jpg
Three More Sailors
Amerigo Vespucci
1.
a.
b.
Does that name sound familiar?
1501
2. Vasco Nunez de Balboa
a.
Crossed Panama and found the Pacific Ocean
b.
1513
3. Ferdinand Magellan
a.
Considered a great explorer
b.
Set out in 1519 with 5 ships
c.
Circumnavigated the world
d. Only one ship returned, sans Magellan, in 1522
Magellan’s Route
http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/geography/geography/discoveries/graphics/magellan2.gif
The flipside of exploration
Conquest
 There were 2 main reasons to colonize the new
world
 Ideological
expansion with missionaries
 Economic expansion with mercantilism
 Exports
over imports
 Relied on trade
Existing peoples
Spanish explorers didn’t have many scruples about
dominating cultures they met, including Aztecs and
Incas.
 In 1519, Hernando Cortes landed on the coast of
Mexico.
 The Aztec emperor, Montezuma thought Cortes was
an Aztec god.
 Cortes took advantage and used Montezuma to rule
the Aztecs
 1521, La Noche Triste
 1521, Tenochtitlan falls, replaced with Mexico City
Fall of the Incas
In 1531, a conquistador named Francisco Pizarro led
180 men into Peru.
Slaughtered the Incas and
their emperor.
http://search.snapdo.com/?category=Images&start=1&st=ds&q=pic+of+Francisco+Pizarro
The secret weapons
 Guile
 Disease
 Technology
 Brutality
The secret weapons
 Guile – seeming nice and then being mean
 Disease
 Technology
 Brutality
The secret weapons
 Guile – seeming nice and then being mean
 Disease – small pox
 Technology
 Brutality
The secret weapons
 Guile – seeming nice and then being mean
 Disease – small pox
 Technology – better guns, cannons, boats
 Brutality
The secret weapons
 Guile – seeming nice and then being mean
 Disease – small pox
 Technology – better guns, cannons, boats
 Brutality – felt a human’s life was worth less than
profit
Graphic Organizer
1492
1542
Key Questions
 Why did the Europeans want to explore the
Americas?
 Why did Native American Civilizations fall so
quickly?
Home Fun
 Pretend that you’re a member of the Santa Maria’s
crew. Write what it feels like to see land after 3
months at sea.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KebR0l0W4tg