Transcript Gold, Guns, Glory Notes- Slide 1-15

Earlier Explorations
1. Silk Road Spice Trade
2. Chinese Admiral Zheng He & the
Ming “Treasure Fleet”
3. A New Player  Europe
Marco Polo- Italy, 1271
Expansion becomes a state
enterprise  monarchs had the
authority & the resources.
Better seaworthy ships.
Admiral Zheng He
Each ship was 400’
long and 160’ wide!
1371-1435
Zheng He’s Voyages
In 1498, Da Gama (Portuguese)
reached Calcutta, China’s
favorite port!
Isolationist China
• 1644 Manchu's from
Manchuria invaded
China- Overthrew Ming
Dynasty (1368-1644)
• Qing Dynasty
established
– Remained isolationist country until Europeans
would pay tribute to the Chinese emperor
• The Dutch from The Netherlands did this!
A Map of the Known World,
How do we
know that the
cartographer
had limited
info??
pre- 1492
The
Three
G’s
Gold
God
Glory
1.
Motives for European
Exploration
Luxury Goods- want a faster and
safer trade route to Asia.
2. Renaissance  curiosity about other
lands and peoples.
3. Monarchs seeking new sources of
revenue  Monarchs wanted new
ways to get $.
4. Technology advances.
5. Fame and fortune.
6. Want to stop the spread of IslamSpread Christianity!
New Technologies
Better Maps
[created by
cartographers]
Astrolabe
From Where??
Arabia
Mariner’s Compass
From Where??
China
Sextant
New Weapons Technology
Triangular Lateen Sails
Rudder
Shallow Hull
Gunpowder
and guns!
Prince Henry, the Navigator
School for Navigation in Portugal
Portugal
• First country to search for gold and spices
by sea; wanted to increase trade!
Portuguese Empire
1. Exploring the west coast of
Africa.
2. Vasco da Gama, 1498.
Calicut,
India.
Spain
• Wanted to conquer
– Use land to become
wealthy
– Convert people to
Christianity
• Treaty of Tordesillas
– Pope Alexander VI, 1494- split the unexplored
world in half through the Atlantic from North to
South Poles.
The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
Spain’s
Divided the
world into two
parts, one for
Spain, one for
Portugal
Portugal’s
Japan
• Japan divided into warring
states which welcomed outside traders
• 1600- Japan united by
Tokugawa
Shogunate
–
*Japan closes itself off from the
world
»
**Ideas & Trade
Christopher Columbus [1451-1506]
Columbus’ Four Voyages
Columbus
Explored In
The Islands
of the
Caribbean
Sea
Other Voyages of Exploration
Ferdinand Magellan & the First
Circumnavigation of the World:
Early 16c
Global Trade
• New agricultural products
– Sugar, tobacco, coffee, siliver mining
• Expensive to trade- need financial backer
• Joint-stock companies=individual
merchants combined resources, shared
profits/risks of trading voyage
• Some companies had government
support/protection (Dutch East India
Trading Company
Mercantilism
• Defined: State’s power dependent upon its
wealth
• Goal of every nation is to gain wealth
• Gain wealth by mining or trading
– In trade, want to export more than you import
– Governments help exporting businesses
(monopolies, tariffs)
• Colonies- source of raw materials, market
for exports
Global Exchange
• Population growth in Europe
• Worldwide exchange of people, goods,
tech, ideas, diseases
• Rise of capitalism- economic system
based on private ownership and investing
resources for profit
The “Columbian Exchange”

Squash

Avocado

Peppers

Sweet Potatoes

Turkey

Pumpkin

Tobacco

Quinine

Cocoa

Pineapple

Cassava

POTATO

Peanut

TOMATO

Vanilla

MAIZE

Syphilis

Liquor

GUNS

Olive

COFFEE BEAN

Banana

Rice

Onion

Turnip

Honeybee

Barley

Grape

Peach

SUGAR CANE

Oats

Citrus Fruits

Pear

Wheat

HORSE

Cattle

Sheep

Pigs

Smallpox

Flu

Typhus

Measles

Malaria

Diptheria

Whooping Cough
Atlantic Explorations
Looking for “El Dorado”
The First Spanish Conquests:
The Aztecs
vs.
Fernando Cortez
Montezuma II
The Death of Montezuma II
Mexico Surrenders to
Cortez
The First Spanish Conquests:
The Incas
vs.
Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa
Slaves Working in a
Brazilian Sugar Mill
Cycle of Conquest &
Colonization
Explorers
Official
European
Colony!
Treasures
from the Americas!
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
The Slave Trade
1. Existed in Africa before the coming
of the Europeans.
2. Portuguese replaced European slaves
with Africans.
Sugar cane & sugar plantations.
3. Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million
Africans shipped to the Americas.
“Coffin” Position Below
Deck
European Empires in the
Americas
The Influence of the Colonial
Catholic Church
Guadalajara
Cathedral
Spanish Mission
Our Lady of
Guadalupe
New Colonial Rivals
1. Portugal lacked the numbers
and wealth to dominate trade in
the Indian Ocean.
2. Dutch arrive in India in 1595.
3. English start sailing, as well.
New Colonial Rivals
Impact of European
Expansion
1. Native populations
ravaged by
disease.
2. Influx of gold, and especially
silver, into Europe
3. New products introduced across
the continents [“Columbian
Exchange”].
4. Deepened European rivalries.