Transcript File
Earlier Explorations 1. Islam & the Spice Trade Malacca 2. A New Player Europe Nicolo, Maffeo, & Marco Polo, 1271 Expansion becomes a state enterprise monarchs had the authority & the resources. Better seaworthy ships. 3. Chinese Admiral Zheng He & the Ming “Treasure Fleet” Admiral Zheng He Flag ship was 400’ long and 160’ wide! 1371-1435 Motives for European Exploration 1. Crusades by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia. 2. Renaissance curiosity about other lands and peoples. 3. Reformation refugees & missionaries. 4. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. 5. Technological advances. 6. Fame and fortune. Better known as The 3 “G”s • GOLD-money was the great motivation • GOD-later missionaries to convert the natives • GLORY-personal fame and hopefully fortune New Maritime Technologies Better Maps Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Mariner’s Compass Sextant New Weapons Technology The Caravel Portugal began the era of exploration, led by Henry the Navigator. (he never went anywhere, just paid for the voyages) Led by first Dias then DaGama Portugal explored the coast of Africa. Why? DaGama was first European to round Cape Of Good Hope and travel to India by sea Christopher Columbus [1451-1506] Columbus’ Four Voyages T he Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & 1495 T he Pope’s Line of Demarcation Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16c European Explorations Looking for “El Dorado” The Requirement • I implore you to recognize the Church as a lady and in the name of the Pope take the King of Spain as Lord of this land and obey his mandates. If you do not then I tell you that with the help of god I will enter powerfully against you. I will make war everywhere and every way I can. I will subject you to the yoke and make you obedient to the Church and to his Majesty. I will take all your women and children and make them slaves... The deaths that occur from here on will be your own fault and not that of his Majesty nor the gentlemen that accompany me. T he First Spanish Conquests: T he Aztecs vs. Fernando Cortes Montezuma II T he Death of Montezuma II Mexico Surrenders to Cortes T he First Spanish Conquests: T he Incas vs. Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa T he “Columbian Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes Turkey Pumpkin TOBACCO Quinine Pineapple Cassava POTATO Tomato Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis COCOA / CHOCOLATE Peanut Olive Coffee Bean Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping Cough Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Triangle Trade Slave Ship “Coffin” Position Below Deck A frican Captives T hrown Overboard Mercantilism The economy and trade are essential to the health and safety of the nation. 1.Get as much gold and silver as you can. 2.Establish a favorable balance of trade. 3.Get colonies. Treasures from the Americas! European Empires in the Americas Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers Official European Colony!