Transcript Exploration and Colonization of America

Exploration and Colonization of
America
Pre-Contact North Carolina
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Indigenous – people native to an area
20,000 BC – people arrive in North America
3 early Native American cultures
A. Paleo-Indian - Nomads
B. Archaic – Hunter-Gatherers
C. Woodland/Mississippian – Hunter/Farmers
Tribute – providing money or goods for help and
protection
West Africa
• Societies were similar to North America
• Carried on most of their trade with Europe and
Asia
• Became the center of the world’s slave trade
• Slaves
• A. War Prisoners
• B. Criminals
• C. People kidnapped from other tribes
Europe
• Middle Ages – 500 to 1500 A.D. – widespread
starvation, poverty, disease and warfare in Europe
• The Renaissance – the rebirth of art, literature,
and education
• Christianity becomes main religion of Europe
• Crusades – brought Europe into contact with
Asia, Europeans gained desire for Asian goods
• Marco Polo from Italy to China; wrote book about
adventures; made people want to travel
• New technologies – ships, sails, compass, guns
• Expanding populations – needed more space
• Trade increased – merchants wanted access to
Asia – spices, silk, porcelain
• Three G’s—in this order
• 1. Gold *any riches (gold, silver, resources)
Most important to most explorers
• 2. God *to convert natives
• 3. Glory *to make a name for themselves
• Main trade route was called the Silk Road – long
and dangerous land route
• Portugal – led European exploration for water
route to Asia – Vasco da Gama
• Caravels – small, fast ships good for exploring
Caravel
Christopher Columbus
• First European explorers to reach the Americas were
Vikings – Leif Eriksson – Canada – around 1000 A.D.
• Christopher Columbus – Italian sailor working for Spain –
looking for Western water route to Asia
• 1492 – 3 ships, 90 men – landed in Caribbean on the island
of San Salvador, encountered the Taino tribe
• Columbus makes 3 more trips to the New World
• Spain is first European country to permanently colonize
the New World
Leif Eriksson sights land
Christopher Columbus
Marco Polo
Columbus Departs from Spain
European Explorations
The Columbian Biological Exchange
Diseases:
Old World to New
World:
Smallpox
Measles
Chicken Pox
Malaria
Yellow Fever
Influenza
The Common Cold
New World to Old World:
Syphilis
The Columbian Biological Exchange
Animals:
Old World to New
World:
Horses
Cattle
Pigs
Sheep
Goats
Chickens
New World to Old World:
Turkeys
Llamas
Alpacas
Guinea Pigs
The Columbian Biological Exchange
Old World to New
World:
Plants:
Rice
Wheat
Barley
Oats
Coffee
Sugarcane
Bananas
Melons
Olives
Dandelions
Daisies
Clover
Ragweed
Kentucky Bluegrass
New World to Old World:
Corn (Maize)
Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties)
Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima
Varieties)
Tobacco
Peanuts
Squash
Peppers
Tomatoes
Pumpkins
Pineapples
Cacao (Source of Chocolate)
Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum)
Papayas
Manioc (Tapioca)
Guavas
Avocados
Smallpox Victim
Other Explorers
• Amerigo Vespucci – 1st to find the mainland
of the Americas – 1499, 1502
• Giovanni da Verrazano – 1st European to
reach North Carolina – 1524
• French – Canada
• English – Atlantic coast of North America
• Spanish – Central and South America
Amerigo Vespucci
Giovanni da Verrazano
Roanoke
Voyages
• English made 3 voyages to the Outer Banks of North
Carolina (1584, 1585, 1587); organized by Sir Walter
Raleigh (NC capital named for him)
• 1st voyage—led by Arthur Barlowe and Philip
Amadas - landed at Hatteras - named land Virginia
for Queen Elizabeth (the Virgin Queen) – two local
Indians (Manteo and Wanchese) came back to
England with them
• 2nd voyage—led by Richard Grenville and Ralph
Lane - found Chesapeake Bay, attempted to create
military settlement – mostly soldiers who spent their
time looking for gold – relied on the Indians to feed
them
• ended in violence with local natives, colony
was abandoned
• 3rd voyage—The Lost Colony – settled on
Roanoke Island—a colony of men, women,
and children led by John White – Virginia
Dare - lacked supplies and food – White
returns to England, but cannot return for
three years – Entire colony is gone when he
comes back – No one knows what happened
to them.
Sir Walter Raleigh
John
White
The Lost Colony
Jamestown
• 1st permanent English settlement – Virginia in
1607
• John Smith (military leader), John Rolfe
(tobacco), Pocahontas (married Rolfe, not Smith)
• Colony almost did not survive – bad location
• 1608 – Starving Time
• 1619 (a big year): House of Burgess (1st
representative assembly), English women arrive,
Africans brought as Indentured Servants
Jamestown
John Rolfe
marries
Pocahontas
John Smith
Pocahontas