Transcript The Age of Exploration - APUSH Chapter Outlines

Consider as you wait…
 What were the conditions in Europe that
encouraged exploration?
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What were the conditions in the Americas at
the time of the arrival of Columbus and other
explorers?
How could this merge of cultures been
managed successfully?
The beginning of the European
influence on the Americas
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King Joao I wanted to
establish trading empire to
compete with Muslims
(1385)
Prince Henry established
an academy (geographers,
instrument makers,
shipbuilders, & seaman)
By mid-15th century, most
educated Europeans knew
the world was round.
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Shipbuilders developed the “Caravel”
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Armed vessels with cannon, making them floating
fortresses
Began to explore coast of Africa, for route to the
Indies
1488, Bartolomeu Diaz rounded the tip of Africa
By 1500, Vasco da Gama reached the coast of India.
Portuguese explorers established trading posts
along coast of Africa and India, setting stage for
further exploration and European colonialism.
Portugal also established the African slave trade
(1440s).
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Genoese sailor
Wanted to reach Spice
Islands sailing west
instead of east
Portuguese Monarch
felt Columbus’
calculations of distance
west to Asia was too
short.
Columbus’ proposal
also rejected by French
and English
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In 1492, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of
Spain conquered the last of the Islamic states in
Spain
end of a drain on the national treasury
 surge in nationalism.
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Sponsor 3 ships for Columbus’ plan to sail west to
Asia.
Goals:
Establish commercial trade with Asia
 Occupy and settle any lands not under the control of
another monarch
 Bring Christianity to any non-Christian peoples
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1st Voyage
 Left Palos, Spain August, 1492
 6 weeks and 3000 miles later, reached the
Caribbean island he named “San Salvador” in
the Bahamas
 Explored nearby islands, including Hispaniola
and Cuba
 No gold
 Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to finance 3
more voyages.
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European colonization of the New World began
Transatlantic slave trade began
Spanish control of large part of Americas was
established
Exploitation of Native Americans began
Other Explorers eager to head west
Permanent contact between Europe and the Americas.
“The Columbian Exchange”
Note: Columbus never acknowledged that he had discovered new
continents, but stubbornly insisted he had reached Asia. America
was named after explorer Amerigo Vespucci, a fellow Genovese,
who first claimed that this was Nuevo Mundo, or a “New World.”
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1513 – Juan Ponce de Leon discovered and
named Florida
1513 - Vasco Nunez de Balboa discovered the
Pacific Ocean (across the isthmus of Panama)
1519 - Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs of
Mexico
Superior Weapons
 Alliances with Aztec enemies
 European diseases (smallpox, influenza, etc.)
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1524 - Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas of
Peru
From Americas to Europe
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Corn
Brought great
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Potatoes
strength to
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Gold
Europe
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Silver
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Squash
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Tomatoes
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Peppers
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Chiles
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Cocoa
From Europe to the
Americas
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Cattle
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Horse
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Chickens
Brought
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Small Pox
great
weakness to
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Influenza
Native
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The “Cold”
Americans
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John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto)1497
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Giovanni de Verrazanno
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sailed for England
Explored Canadian coast of
Newfoundland and Nova
Scotia
sailed for France - 1524
Explored Atlantic coast from
North Carolina to Maine
Jacques Cartier (France)
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French King commissioned
Cartier to find the “Northwest
Passage”
1534, 1535, 1541
Explored St. Lawrence, giving
France claim to large tracts of
land.
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Huge demand in Europe for Fish
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Huge demand for Furs
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to feed the growing population
Grand Banks off the coast of New England and
Canada.
Growing demand for fashion and warmth
Shortage of wild game in Europe caused high prices
for furs
French established fur trade with Native Americans.
Fur trade and fisheries didn’t require settled
colonies.
Take a moment to discuss with the people on
either side of you:
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What could cause a colony to fail?
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What could help a colony to succeed?
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1608 Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec
as fur trading post
1662 King Louis XIV made New France a royal
colony, began subsidizing migration of settlers.
Population never became very large.
French settlers introduced European diseases
French trading of guns set off a series of wars
among the native people, resulting in the rise
of the Iroquois.
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By 1600, Holland is financial hub of northern
Europe.
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Banking
Insurance
textile industry
Sent Henry Hudson to locate a new source of fur
supply in North America in 1609
Established fur trading post at Ft. Orange (Albany,
NY)
1624 – Established the settlement of New
Amsterdam on Manhattan Island
Few settlers, but successful fur trade
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First English colonies founded by English
merchants and religious dissidents.
Colonies approved by English monarchs, they
neither directed or controlled them.
Autonomy. (Salutary Neglect)
Early attempts at settlement failed
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1580s – Sir Humphrey Gilbert at Newfoundland
1580s – Sir Walter Raleigh at Roanoke Island, North
Carolina – “The Lost Colony”
1607 – Sir Ferdinando Gorges at Popham, Maine
Both founded England in
1606 by King James I
for the purpose of
colonizing North
America
The Plymouth Company
- Popham Beach,
Maine
The London Company
- Jamestown, Virginia
Given your earlier discussion about how a colony
can be successful, what would you add to that
now. Develop a couple of sentences or a short
paragraph which explains what is needed to
start a successful colony.