Transcript Chapter 21- The US and World War I

Chapter 2-Exploration

Far East
◦ For many years Europeans knew of a distant
land called the Asia, or the Far East
◦ They wanted to explore routes to the Far
East
◦ These explorations would change History
Ideas of Exploration Begin
Land route from the Far East to Europe
was dangerous, rough, and took a long
time
 1400 events that helped Exploration

◦ Compass-helped with direction
◦ Makmaking- maps were more accurate, and
showed the earth was round
◦ Globe-model of the earth-but the early globes
only showed one ocean between Europe and
Asia
Marco Polo

Book Published in 1477
◦ His book explained the experiences of Marco
Polo who had explored the Far East during
the 1200’s
 China being a land of great wealth
 Excited Europeans
 Dreaming of finding safer and shorter water route
to Asia and its riches
 Given the name Indies: because it included India,
China, and the Spice Islands
Marco Polo
Christopher Columbus and His
Voyage

Wanted to find an all water route to the
Indies
◦ Also was one of the many who believed the
earth was round, and that he could reach the
indies by sailing west
◦ Funded by the Queen of Spain
◦ 1492 set sail with his 3 ships: Nina, Pinta, Santa
Maria
 October 12, 1492 he thought he had reached the
Indies
 Called the there indians
Exploration Continues

John Cabot (1497)
◦ Sailed and landed on New Foundland and
claimed land for England
 Disappointed he didn’t find the rich cities of China

Amerigo Vespucci (1497)
◦ Made voyages to South America and claimed
he found new land.
 Europe was impressed and named the new land
“America” or the New World
Explorers

Juan Ponce de Leon (1513)
◦ Led a search to find gold and the “Fountain of
Youth”
 Reached the southeastern tip of the mainland and named it
Florida

Vasco Nunez de Balboa (1513)
◦ Also in search of gold and silver
 First person to see the Pacific Ocean
 Francisco Pizzaro was with Balboa and learned of the Incas
and their riches
 Defeated the Incas and shipped large amounts of gold to Spain
Explorers

Ferdinand Magellan(1519)
◦ Trip around the World
 Sailing to the Far East, rounded the tip of South
America and made it to the Far East
 Magellan was killed in the Philippines
 Proved the earth was indeed round
Explorers

Hernando Cortes (1519)
◦ Reached the coast of Mexico searching for
gold and silver
 Defeated the Aztec King and Empire

Giovanni da Verrazano (1524)
◦ Searching for the Northwest Passage
(northern water route to the Far East)
 reached North Carolina and sailed up to New
Foundland
Explorers

Jacques Cartier (1534)
◦ Searching for the Northwest passage
 Sailed the St Lawrence River but realized he failed
in finding the Northwest Passage but claimed many
lands for France

Sir Francis Drake (1577)
◦ Second trip around the world
 Sailed around South America up to Washington and
back to England
English and French colonies

Spanish Armada (1588)
◦ Defeat of the Spanish fleet by the English
◦ Weakening Spanish power and increasing England's
power

Roanoke Island (Lost Colony)
◦ First colony in the New World, led by Sir Walter
Raleigh
 3 different expeditions to create the colony
 On the 3rd time coming back to Roanoke Island, there was no
one, the group disappeared
 Words CRO and CROATOAN, found on two trees
First Colonies

Quebec (French Colony)
◦ First French colony started by Samuel de
Champlain
 France’s territories in the New World were called
New France

Jamestown (English Colony)
◦ Named after King James I
 First permanent English settlement in the New
World