Transcript The Exploration of the New World

Essential Questions: Explain the importance of
European explorers making trips around the world.
How does this change their understanding of the
world?
Welcome to the New Age
Why did exploration become so important?
 The explorers set out to explore the world for a few
reasons. “God, glory, and gold.”
 The Ottoman Turks took over a large majority of the
land route from Europe to Asia. So explorers needed a
new route.
 The explorers wanted to share their faith and save the
Native Americans in current day Mexico and South
America.
 And who didn’t want to make money by traveling and
trading?
Important Terms to Remember
 Treaty of Tordesilla – a line of demarcation that separates
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the world into two spheres of influence. One side went to
Spain, the other to Portugal.
Cartographer – a map maker. They drew the world based
on accounts of explorers. (How do you think they saw the world?)
Explorer – sailed the oceans looking for the quickest route
to Asia
Conquistadors – Spanish explorers and conquerors of the
new world.
Slave trade – the routes which Europeans took slaves across
the Atlantic ocean
Middle Passage – Middle Portion of the Triangular trade,
part of the slave trade
Balance of trade – making sure a country does not import
more than it exports
Circumnavigate – To travel across the entirety of the world.
In this case, by sea.
Terms Cont.
 God, glory, and gold – the drive behind the massive
wave of exploration.
 Aztecs – the largest nation of Native Americans in the
Mexico area.
 Mercantilism – an economic policy dependent on gold
and silver. It said that the government must play a role
in the economy to keep it healthy.
 Colony – settlement of people living in a new territory.
It was dependent on the main country to survive.
Exploration
The World ca. 1492
This is a map of what cartographers thought the world looked like.
What is another rumor about the world before explorers sailed the ends of the
Earth?
The Explorers!
 Marco Polo – He followed the land route to China. Here he
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gained access to fine silk and new spices.
Christopher Columbus – He “discovered” America when
trying to sail to India.
John Cabot – Sailed to the New England Area.
Hernán Cortés – led the exploration of South America and
conquered the Aztecs. He was a conquistador
Amerigo Vespucci – can you guess what is his name sake?
Bartholomew Dias – sailed towards the southern cape of
Africa, further than anyone from Portugal.
Vasco da Gama - sailed from Portugal around the Cape of
Good Hope to India.
Ferdinand Magellan – The first sailor to circumnavigate the
world.
Spain
 Christopher Columbus came to Isabelle and Ferdinand
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to tell them that the distance between Spain and India
is shorter than they thought.
The Conquistadors, Cortés and Pizarro, destroyed the
Aztecs and Inca empires, respectively.
They thirsted for gold, as one Aztec wrote.
Magellan landed in the Philippines not long after the
events in Mexico. He helped cement Spain’s place in
the Pacific.
They were poised to take the front spot as leading
empire in the world. This was due to heavy
competition from England and Holland against
Portugal.
Portugal
 Prince Henry created a school for navigation and
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exploration in 1419.
Port Libson: The main port for Portuguese shipping.
They sailed south trying to locate gold in Africa, and
eventually found the Gold Coast
1488: Bartholomew Dias sailed even further south than any
other Portuguese sailor. He rounded the Cape of South
Africa
Vasco da Gama made it even further. He sailed all the way
to India.
It would seem that Portugal moving faster than Spain
Their ships returned from India with spices that sold for
thousands more than they bought it for.
They were so successful because their fleets were heavily
armed.
The Newcomers
 The Dutch was better financed than Portugal. They
eventually took over major forts held by the
Portuguese. This allowed them to control the spice
trade for many years to come. They formed the East
India Company to compete with every European
nation in India
 France took control over much of the northern part of
the Americas. They established trade in Canada and
many other island countries in the Pacific.
The Newcomers
 England landed in India with hopes to jump into the
spice trade. They were aggressive. Their tactics would
eventually place them in charge of all of India. Leading
to the war in India.
 The English were richer than the Portuguese and had a
higher population, so they were able to force them out
of their trading posts in India.
The Slave Trade
 Triangular Trade: a
trade route that sent
slaves to America,
goods to
Europe(products),
and ships with textiles
and other
merchandise to Africa.
 The Middle Passage:
The Middle part of the
Triangular Trade:
Africa to the New
World
The Consequences
 Constant fighting over ports, settlements, and the new
resources popping up over the new world.
 The Pope had to step in before Spain and Portugal
went to war against each other.
 The Slave Trade led to thousands of people being
displaced, killed, and abused.
 The Native Americans were extremely susceptible to
diseases carried by the explorers. They contracted
small pox in large numbers.
The Consequences
cont.
 Some explorers deceived the Natives.
 The English gave them blankets carrying Small Pox.
This plan deliberately decimated the populations in
the North America regions.
 Hernán Cortés led the Aztecs to believe he was a god.
This allowed him to virtually wipe out their way of life.
 The Arabs and Indian nations were constantly under
threat from European sailors.
The Results
 The effects of the explorers’ extensive travels into the new
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world are quite apparent. Many rumors of the world were
dispelled. It turns out to be round, not flat. There were no
sea monsters, after all.
Europeans found two routes to Asia. One via rounding the
Cape of Good Hope. The other by rounding Cape Horn in
South America.
Settlements of English, Spanish, and French colonies
began to form in North America, which would lead to
many major events including: French-Indian Wars, The
American Revolution, and the decimation of many Native
American tribes.
The spread of culture and goods was very important for
building the trade routes and shipping routes.
Sailing became a more sophisticated. Ships could sail
thousands of miles, much longer than the older ships used
in trade.
Activity
 In groups of two, fill out the charts made about the
explorers. Once finished this will serve as a guide to
study.
 Finally, in two paragraphs write a ship log entry about
your first week on the voyage. You can be anyone on
the ship: Captain, First Mate, Look-out, or a crewman.
Exit Slip
 Please answer the essential question for the day:
 Explain the importance of European explorers making
trips around the world. How does this change their
understanding of the world?
 Turn this in on a sheet title exit slip and write your
name on the top right corner.