Transcript Early Exploration of North America The New World 1400

Early
Exploration
of North
America
The New
World
1400 - 1620
Reasons for Exploration 1:
Hmmm,
What’s
this???
Looks
like
fun!
Curiosity
and
Adventure!
Reasons for Exploration 2:
• Money and Power
Reasons for Exploration 3:
• Fame
I’m very
famous…I’m
Elvis!!
Thank you
very much!
I’m more
famous
than
Him!!
Reasons for Exploration 4:
• National Pride
Our country is
#1!
Let’s get some
land for our
country!
Reasons for Exploration 5:
• Religion,
Spreading Christianity
Reasons for Exploration 6:
• Buying
and Selling
Foreign
goods.
(Foreign means
from another country.)
Reasons for Exploration 7:
• New, shorter trade routes
Review: Reasons for Exploration …
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Curiosity………….. Adventure
Wealth……………..Money and Power
Fame………………. I am famous
National Pride…. This is for my country
Religion……………Become Christians
Buying and selling foreign goods…how much does this cost?
Faster cheaper trade routes…go this way instead
Look out! Here we come!
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Portugal
Spain
France
England
Obstacles Faced by Explorers
• The fear of the unknown
• The Sea of Darkness/terrifying monsters
• Poor maps and navigational tools
• Lack of adequate supplies
• Disease, Starvation, Hard Work
• Bad weather
Fear of the Unknown
???
?
Sea of Darkness..Monsters???
Poor Maps and Navigational Tools
How do
you drive
this boat?
I don’t
know , but
these tools
stink!
Not Enough Supplies, (or poor supplies)
…………………………like food and water.
Disease, Starvation, Work was too Hard!
Bad Weather!
Obstacles Faced by Explorers
• The fear of the u__________.
• The Sea of Darkness/m______________.
• Poor m_____ and n_____________ tools.
• Lack of adequate s_________.
• Disease, s_______________, Hard Work.
• Bad w__________.
1st century AD
120 AD
Chinese invent the first compass.
Ptolemy creates the first flat map of the world.
982
Eric the Red discovers Greenland.
1002
Leif Ericson discovers North America.
1271- 1295
Marco Polo goes to China.
1450
Prince Henry the Navigator builds school for sailors.
1453
Turkish Empire cuts off the land route for spices from Asia to Europe. Search for sea route begins.
1487
Bartholomeu Dias discovers the southern tip of Africa.
1492
Columbus sails to the New World.
1497
John Cabot discovers Newfoundland while he searches for the Northwest Passage.
1502
Amerigo Vespucci returns from his explorations of the New World. American continents named after
him by German mapmaker.
1513
Vasco Nunez de Balboa discovers the eastern shore of the Pacific Ocean. Juan Ponce de Leon
searches for the Fountain of Youth in Florida.
1519 - 1522
Ferdinand Magellan and his crew sail around the world.
1521
Hernando Cortez defeats the Aztec Empire.
1533
Francisco Pizarro defeats the Inca Empire.
1534
Jacques Cartier discovers the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes.
1539 - 1542
Hernando De Soto explores the southeastern United States.
1540
Francisco asquez de Coronado explores the southwestern United States and discovers the Grand
Canyon.
1577
Sir Francis Drake becomes the first Englishman to sail around the world.
1673
Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet explore the Mississippi River.
1682
Rene-Robert de La Salle explores the Mississippi River from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.
Portuguese Hoist Those Sails!
• Looking for new trade routes to Asia
• Wanting economic gain (money/power)
• Seeking adventure
• Showing national pride
• Proclaiming the glory of God (religion)
Where in the World is Portugal?
• Borders Spain to the east
• Borders Atlantic Ocean to the west
• Western edge of Europe
Who are the Portuguese People?
• Live in small villages
• Worship in the Catholic
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Church
Work as fishermen and
sailors
Want to be Rich and Powerful!
• Prince Henry the Navigator
• Wanted to be first country to
find a sea route to Asia
• Opened a school for sea captains to
overcome fears of the unknown
Students at Prince Henry’s Navigational
School:
• Map makers: made drawings of areas with land
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formations and bodies of water
Sea captains: learned to read a map and use
compass and hourglass
Geographers: developed latitude and longitude
Astronomers: studied the stars and planets
Shipbuilders: built fast sailing ships that used
triangular sails
Designing New Ships
His goal was to find a route to the rich spice trade of the
Indies and to explore the west coast of Africa. The ships that
sailed the Mediterranean were too slow and too heavy to
make these voyages. Under his direction, a new and lighter
ship was developed, the caravel, which would allow sea
captains to sail further and faster.
In the 15th century, Prince Henry
the Navigator ordered his explorers
to bring back to Portugal any exotic
fruits, nuts, and plants from new
lands. As a result, the Age of
Discovery dramatically affected
cooking in Portugal and around the
world. Tomatoes and potatoes
were taken to Europe, Brazilian
pineapples were introduced to the
Azores, Brazilian chili peppers grew
in Angola, African coffee was
transplanted to Brazil (today
producing about half of the world's
supply), Brazilian cashews landed
in Africa and India, and tea was
introduced to Europeans.
Where in the World is West Africa?
• Western region of Africa
• Near Niger River
• South of Sahara Desert
• Just above the equator
Exploring West Africa
• Journal entries about
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strange animals and
unusual tribes,
beautiful birds
Written description of
native villages
Made excellent maps
Put up stone markers
to claim lands for
Portugal
Converted native
people to Christianity.
Traded cheap cloth and
iron items for gold,
ivory and furs
Gold Trading Empires of West Africa
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700-1100 Kingdom
of Ghana
800-1500 Kingdom
of Mali
1300-1600 Kingdom
of Songhai
Economics at Work
• Trade: exchange
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goods and services
that people may need
or want
Trade Center: a
place where goods
and services are
exchanged for other
goods and services
Wealthy Trading
Empire: a country
made rich by trading
goods and services
West African’s Natural Resources
• Salt used for
health and
preserving food
•Salt mined in the desert
• Gold used for
money and buy
other goods and
services
Gold mined in the
mountains
Keep the goods and services
coming!
metal
• Manufactured goods: metal
cloth
came from Portugal
• West African slave traders traded captured
people for goods and money
Can You Remember? True or False
• The school founded by Prince Henry
helped the Portuguese gain the knowledge
they needed to reach Asia by sea.
• Portuguese explorers had no interest in
converting native people to Christianity.
• On the west coast of Africa, Portuguese
explorers discovered the delta of the Nile
River
Can You Remember? True or False
• West Africans traded gold, salt and slaves
for cloth and metals used in building
objects.
• Portugal is a small country in Europe.
• The Age of Exploration began in Portugal.
• The Spanish were the first people to
explore the coast of West Africa.
Knock! Knock! Who’s There?
• Spain – the first European country to
explore North America
• 1492 - Columbus crossed Atlantic
Ocean to Caribbean Sea
• 1513 – 1543 Explored North America
(Show United streaming video here.)
Reasons for Exploration
• Searching for gold
• Seeking new lands to conquer
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for the King of Spain
Invading villages to capture
people and use them as slaves
Converting people to the
Christian faith of the Catholic
Church
Striving for national pride
Spanish Explorers
Where Oh Where Are The Spaniards?
• Wading through dangerous swamps of Florida
• Marching across burning deserts of Arizona
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Sailing up rocky coast of California
• Marching across the plains of Mexico
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Climbing the mountains of Peru
Warning! Warning! Warning!
• Conquistadors –
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well-trained soldiers
for the King of Spain
Fears among the
Native Americans
Afraid of horses
Wore metal armor
to protect
themselves
Used guns,
crossbows, lances,
swords, and dogs
during attacks
Coronado
Francisco
de
Coronado
Claimed
land that
now
comprises
Arizona,
New
Mexico,
Colorado,
Kansas,
and
Texas
for Spain
Franciso Vasquez de
Coronado
• Seeking the Seven Cities
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of Cibola: the cities of
gold
Started expedition in
Mexico
Headed north across
burning deserts of
Arizona and New Mexico
Marched across the Great
Plains of Kansas
Never found the Seven
Cities of Gold
Results of Exploration
Can You Remember? True or False
• A conquistador was a type of Spanish sailing
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ship.
Some of Coronado’s explorers were the first
Europeans to see the Grand Canyon.
The Spanish explorers treated the Native
Americans fairly.
There were no horses in North America until the
Spanish brought them across the Atlantic Ocean.
The Spanish explored North America looking for
gold.
Better Late Than Never!
• 1524 France began exploration in North
America
• Spain and Portugal had already started
becoming very rich by buying and selling
goods from their new colonies and trading
centers
• Spain, Portugal and France searching for a
faster cheaper trade route to Asia
Samuel de Champlain
• In 1603 Explorations in Canada
• Claimed Canada for the King of
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France
Renamed as New France
Founded the city of Quebec
Quebec became a major trading
center
Made friends with Native Americans
Traded furs from Native Americans
to make coats and hats in France
Champlain
La Salle’s Mission
• 1668-1682 Searching for the Northwest
Passage
• Northwest Passage would take ships
across the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
Ocean and on to China and India
LaSalle
La Salle’s Journey
• Landed in Canada
• Set up fur trading
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centers in Montreal,
Canada
Sailed down the Ohio
River
Discovered the Great
Lakes
Sailed down the
Mississippi River
Ended at the Gulf of
Mexico
National Pride and Land
• Claimed land on each side of the
Mississippi River for the King of France
• Named the land: Louisiana in honor of
King Louis XIV.
Lost in North America
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Return trip to Montreal, Canada
Sailed up the Mississippi River
Made a wrong turn
Ended up in Texas
Hardships of disease and sickness
Soldiers had a revolt
Killed La Salle
Returned to Canada
Can You Remember? True or
False?
• The Northwest Passage was a route that the
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French explorers took from the Atlantic Ocean to
Asia.
France was the first European nation to establish
a long-lasting colony in North America.
European explorers first began searching for a
sea route from Europe to Asia in 1400s.
The city of Quebec got its name from de
Champlain.
Wait for Us!
• King Henry VII,
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of England,
funded the first English
exploration to the New World.
Hired John Cabot because he
was a good seaman and greatly
skilled navigator
John Cabot, a native Italian,
sailed for England.
Sailed May 1497 for the New
World (North America)
Landed on northern portion of
North America, Newfoundland or
Nova Scotia
His claim gave the English the
right to establish colonies in
North America.
Can You Remember? True or
False?
• Queen Elizabeth funded the exploration to
North America.
• John Cabot was born in England.
• Cabot explored the northern portion of
North America near Newfoundland.
• Cabot had the right to seize any land
inhabited by natives who were not
Christians and had a different skin color.