Transcript European Explorers/Conquistadors

European
Explorers/Conquistadors
PORTUGAL
Henry the Navigator• Portuguese Prince.
•
Established a school of
Navigation in Portugal.
Sponsored expeditions to
chart Atlantic coast to
Africa. Wished to
establish direct access to
gold in Arab nations.
(Middle East).
1. Bartholomew Dias (1488)
• Sailed around Cape of Good Hope and around
•
the southern tip of Africa.
He turned his ship around after he sailed around
the tip and did not continue.
2. Vasco da Gama (1498)
• Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and
eastwards all the way to India.
– First to sail all the way across the Indian Ocean.
3. Pedro Alvares Cabral (1500)
• Intended to follow up da Gama’s voyage to India, his ship was
blown off course and landed in Brazil.
• Portugal was able to claim Brazil because of this voyage and as a
result of the…
• Treaty of Torsedillas- the Pope drew a line north to south in the
New World, splitting it between Portugal and Spain. Spain received
much of the Western Hemisphere, and Portugal received very little
because much of the land was undiscovered, at this time.
Religious Motivations for
Exploration
• “God, Gold, Glory”- One
•
of the motives for
exploration was to spread
Christianity.
Each nation used religion
as a chance to prove they
sailed on God’s authority
(which would make them
seem more powerful)
•French North
Roman
America
Catholicism
• Spanish Empire
(Mexico through
South America)
•Portuguese Empire
(Brazil)
Protestant
Christianity
•Church of England
•Refugees from
European Persecution
(Pilgrims, Puritans)
4. Amerigo Vespucci (1497)• Italian Navigator, but
•
sailed under
Portugal’s flag, also.
Explored the Coast of
South America.
First to discover that
Americas separate
from Asia.
– “Americas” named
after him.
SPAIN
5. Christopher Columbus (1492)
• Sailed with 3 ships. The Nina, Pinta, and the Santa
Maria. Wished to find East Indies.
• Landed in San Salvador (Caribbean) instead. Typically
remembered as man who discovered America.
• Called people he met “Indians”. Made three more
voyages (4 total) and died believing that he had
achieved his goal of landing in the Indies.
6. Ferdinand Magellan- (1519)
• From Portugal, but sailed for Spain.
• Thought there was a shorter route to Asia South of
•
Brazil. Result: 1st Voyage around the World.
Also, named Pacific Ocean because the water was calm
and peaceful.
7. Hernan Cortes (1519)• Sailed from Cuba to
•
Mexico.
Discovered and
conquered Aztecs.
8. Francisco Pizzaro (1530)
 Sailed from Panama
to Peru and
conquered Incan
Empire.
ENGLAND
9. John Cabot (1497)
• Discovered Newfoundland and New England.
• Gave England its first claim in North America.
– His voyage was the beginning of England’s sphere of
influence in North America.
FRANCE
10. Jaques Cartier (1534)
• Made several voyages to North America
• explored much territory in North America (Louisiana
Territory)
• Allowed France to have profitable fur and fishing trade,
but France quickly lost influence in New World.
Assignment
• Take the map you have been given and
draw the routes that each European
explorer took. Make sure you have a map
key that specifies which explorer sailed for
which country and, if you use colors or
various types of lines, that you provide a
map key.