Transcript 4a Motivations and Explorers

WHII: SOL 4a-f
Age of Exploration
Factors contributing to the European discovery
of lands in the Western Hemisphere
• Why did Europeans go exploring?
• Demand for gold, spices, and
natural resources in Europe
–Used to flavor and preserve food,
make medicines and perfumes
Factors (Continued)
• Support for the diffusion of
Christianity
–Spread of Christianity thru missionaries
• Political and economic competition
between European empires
–Increased of trade and control of new
lands=WORLD POWER!!!!!
Factors (continued)
• How were Europeans able to go exploring across
oceans?
• Innovations of European and Islamic origins in
navigational arts
– Mapmakers (cartographers) more accurate maps
– Compass
– Better ships
– Astrolabe (to determine latitude)
• Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator
Prince Henry the Navigator
• Led the way in sponsoring
navigation in Portugal
• Saw promise in Africa
(convert Africans, gain
control of riches dominated
by the Muslims)
• Hoped to find a maritime
route to Asia by going around
Africa
Prince Henry the Navigator
• Gathered scientists, cartographers, and experts to
adjust maps, design ships, and trained captains
and crews
• Portuguese slowly made their way down the west
coast of Africa
• 1460-Prince Henry dies
• 1488- Bartholomew Dias rounds the Cape of Good
Hope
Group Work
• Students will work in 7 groups to
create the “notes” for an explorer.
– Country of origin
– Country they sailed for
– Important Dates
– Where did they explore?
– 2 important contributions (at least)
• These will be presented to the class
Establishment of overseas empires and
decimation of indigenous populations
• Portugal: Vasco da Gama
• Spain: Christopher Columbus, Hernando
Cortez, Francisco Pizarro, Ferdinand Magellan
• England: Francis Drake
• France: Jacques Cartier
• Atlas pgs. 68-69, 76
Vasco da Gama
•
•
•
•
From: Portugal
Sailed for: Portugal
Explored: Cape of Good Hope, India (Calicut)
Dates:
– 1497-sailed around Cape of Good Hope
– 1502-forced treaty with Calicut
• Contributions: confirmed Portugal as a world
power, established a trade empire in Indian
Ocean
Christopher Columbus
•
•
•
•
•
From: Italy (Genoa)
Sailed for: Spain
Explored: Caribbean (North America) (West Indies)
Dates: 1492-discovered North America
Contributions: established Spain as a major
power in “New World”, discovered North
America
Hernando Cortez
•
•
•
•
From: Cuba
Sailed for: Spain
Explored: Mexico (Central America)
Dates: 1519-landed in Mexico, 1521 captured
Tenochtitlan
• Contributions: conquered Aztec empire,
decimated the population
Francisco Pizarro
•
•
•
•
•
From: Spain
Sailed for: Spain
Explored: South America
Dates: 1532 arrived in Peru
Contributions: captured Incan empire, killed
Atahualpa (ruler)
Ferdinand Magellan
•
•
•
•
•
From: Portugal
Sailed for: Spain
Explored: the Pacific Ocean
Dates: 1522-circumnavigated the world
Contributions: 1st to circumnavigate the world
Francis Drake
• From: England
• Sailed for: England
• Explored: Atlantic and Pacific, 2nd to
circumnavigate the world
• Dates: 1577- followed in Magellan’s footsteps
and circled the Earth
• Contributions: 2nd to circumnavigate the
globe, pirate who stole from other nations and
provided gave spoils to England
Jacques Cartier
•
•
•
•
From: France
Sailed for: France
Explored: Canada
Dates: 1534- began exploring eastern Canada,
discovered the St. Lawrence river
• Contributions: claimed much of Canada for
France, discovered and named the St.
Lawrence river
Atlas pages 68-69(da Gama,
Magellan, Drake, Columbus)
Pg. 76(Cortez, Pizarro,
Cartier)
Text pg. 85 (Diaz)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
England
Ireland
Spain
France
Portugal
Italy
Belgium
Netherlands
Switzerland
Germany
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Turkey
Russia
Atlantic Ocean
North Sea
Baltic Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Adriatic Sea
Bay of Biscay
English Channel