Transcript Main Idea
Ch 13 - Age of Exploration Voyages of Discovery Main Idea During the 1400s and 1500s European explorers were inspired by Greed – buy and sell luxury trade goods Curiosity – explore new worlds Desire for Glory – spread Christianity Mercantilism • An economic theory that as a nation’s trade grows, its gold reserves grow and the nation becomes more powerful. Navigation Made Possible • Prince Henry the Navigator – of Portugal – Created a navigation school to train sailors – Used the latest technology • Astrolabe • Quadrant Eventually compass and clock Trade • Find fastest and best sea route to Asian markets without going through Muslim lands due to transportation costs Big Ten (+1) Explorers to the New World Columbus (1492 – 1503) • Sailed west to Indies • • - 4 voyages in all Landed on the Bahamas Sailed for Spain (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella John (1497/98) and his son Sebastian Cabot (1508/09) • Sailed for England • Landed on coast of • • Newfoundland Gave England claim to North America Searched for Northwest Passage Ponce de Leon (1513) • 1st Spaniard to land • • on the mainland of North America Looking for “Fountain of Youth” Established St. Augustine, Florida Balboa (1513) • Spanish Explorer • Traveled across • Panama Claimed Pacific Ocean and adjoining lands for Spain Cortes (1518) • Spanish • Conquistador Conquered Aztec emperor Montezuma at Mexico City Magellan (1519 – 1522) • Searched for • • • passage to Pacific Ocean Sailed through “Straits of Magellan” Died in Philippines Crew 1st to circumnavigate the world Hernando De Soto (1539-1542) • Conquistador • Sailed for Spain • Explored land that is now Southern U.S. – Florida – Georgia to Texas – Alabama to Tennessee • Explored Mississippi River – Present-day Oklahoma Coronado (1540 – 1542) • Conquistador • Looking for fabled • • Seven Cities of Gold Explored presentday Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Kansas Visited the Grand Canyon Pizzaro (1522-1534) • Conquistador • Conquered the Inca • • Empire over time Ruled Peru and parts of South America for Spain Killed in 1541 Vespucci (1501) • Amerigo Vespucci • America was named after him by a German mapmaker in 1507 Columbian Exchange • According to historian Alfred Crosby, the exchange of plants, animals and pathogens between the two hemispheres was biologically “the most spectacular thing that has ever happened to humans," and he coined the phenomenon the Columbian Exchange. • New World to Europe • Europe to the New World The Columbian Exchange The Potato The potato grows well in the temperate climate of northern Europe and produces three times as much food per unit of land as wheat or any other grain. Between 1781 and 1845, the Irish population doubled from four to eight million. Probably half of this population depended on the potato for survival. The Great Irish Famine Over one million died of starvation and disease, and almost two million emigrated to the United States and Britain. The Poor Person’s Food Portuguese Merchants Spread Slavery Sugar, Tobacco and Slavery Slave Trade Worldwide Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) • New World divided between Spain and Portugal • All land and riches east of 60° W given to Portugal (Brazil) • All land and riches west of 60° W given to Spain (North and Central America) Other Explorers of the Age of Exploration • Bartholomeu Dias – Portugal • Vasco de Gama – Portugal