Transcript SOL 4 Age of Exploration Notes

Age of Discovery
SOL 4
WHY?
HOW?
AND?
Exploration… Why now?
6 Major Reasons
1)Renaissance Spirit
– Curiosity
2)Competition among European Monarchs
– Wanted to become “super power”
– Mercantilism—economic theory that states that
there is a fixed amount of wealth in the world so in
order to receive a larger share, one country has to
take some wealth from another country.
3)Desire for spices, silk, porcelain from Asia
4)Support for the diffusion of Christianity
5)Europeans wanted direct route to Asia
– Cut out Muslim and Italian middlemen
– The Fall of Constantinople in 1453 had severed the
main overland trade link between Asia and Europe
6 Major Reasons (Cont.)
6)New Maritime Technology
– Compass
• Invented in China, made it to Europe in 1200’s
– Lateen Sails
• Made maneuvering easier allowing Europeans
to travel outside of the Mediterranean
• Used by Prince Henry “the Navigator” of
Portugal in his caravel ships
Astrolabe
– Astrolabe
• Measured Latitude using angles of sun and
stars on horizon
• Invented in Middle East
Map from 1502
– Better Maps
• More accurate and durable
• Using paper (from China) and the printing press
they were distributed more widely
Map from 1502
So in other words…
Gold, God, Glory
Gold


New Nation-States of
England, France,
Portugal & Spain
desire power and a
need to fill their
treasuries
Needed the money to
pay for their
expanding
governments &
standing armies
Gold Output in 2005
God



After the Crusades
a strong desire to
spread
Christianity and
halt the spread of
Islam
Eventually a race
between Catholics
& Protestants for
New World souls
Spain took up the
cause very early
because of Queen
Isabella of Spain
Glory



Increases the power of
the rising monarchs;
Spain, Portugal, France,
Netherlands and
England all wanted be
the super power of the
era!
A chance for a country
and an individual to
become great!
The conquistadors, or
the conquerors emerge
for all three reasons.
European
Explorers/Conquistadors
PORTUGAL
Henry the Navigator• Portuguese Prince.
•
Established a school of
Navigation in Portugal.
Sponsored expeditions to
chart Atlantic coast to
Africa. Wished to
establish direct access to
gold in Arab nations.
(Middle East).
1. Bartholomew Dias (1488)
• Sailed around Cape of Good Hope and around
•
the southern tip of Africa.
He turned his ship around after he sailed around
the tip and did not continue.
2. Vasco da Gama (1498)
• Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and
eastwards all the way to India.
– First to sail all the way across the Indian Ocean.
3. Pedro Alvares Cabral (1500)
• Intended to follow up da Gama’s voyage to India, his ship was
blown off course and landed in Brazil.
• Portugal was able to claim Brazil because of this voyage and as a
result of the…
• Treaty of Torsedillas - the Pope drew a
line north to south in the New World,
splitting it between Portugal and Spain.
Spain received much of the Western
Hemisphere, and Portugal received very
little because much of the land was
undiscovered, at this time.
Treaty of Torsedillas
4. Amerigo Vespucci (1497)• Italian Navigator, but
•
sailed under
Portugal’s flag, also.
Explored the Coast of
South America.
First to discover that
Americas separate
from Asia.
– “Americas” named
after him.
SPAIN
5. Christopher Columbus (1492)
• Sailed with 3 ships. The Nina, Pinta, and the Santa
Maria. Wished to find East Indies.
• Landed in San Salvador (Caribbean) instead. Typically
remembered as man who discovered America.
• Called people he met “Indians”. Made three more
voyages (4 total) and died believing that he had
achieved his goal of landing in the Indies.
6. Ferdinand Magellan- (1519)
• From Portugal, but sailed for Spain.
• Thought there was a shorter route to Asia South of
•
Brazil. Result: 1st Voyage around the World.
Also, named Pacific Ocean because the water was calm
and peaceful.
7. Hernan Cortes (1519)• Sailed from Cuba to
•
Mexico.
Discovered and
conquered Aztecs.
8. Francisco Pizzaro (1530)
 Sailed from Panama
to Peru and
conquered Incan
Empire.
ENGLAND
9. John Cabot (1497)
• Discovered Newfoundland and New England.
• Gave England its first claim in North America.
– His voyage was the beginning of England’s sphere of
influence in North America.
FRANCE
10. Jaques Cartier (1534)
• Made several voyages to North America
• explored much territory in North America (Louisiana
Territory)
• Allowed France to have profitable fur and fishing trade,
but France quickly lost influence in New World.
CUBING
Word/Phrase: Treaty of Torsedillas
1.
Describe it.
(What is the Definition? What does it look like?)
2. Compare it.
(What is it similar or different from?)
3. Associate it.
(What does it make you think of?)
4. Analyze it.
(How was it created? What happened/has to happen for it to take
place? What is the substance of it?)
5. Apply it.
(What can you do with it? How is/was it used)
6. Argue for or against it.
(Take a stand and list reasons for supporting this position)
Jump-Starter: Answer questions 1-3 in complete sentences
Jump-Starter: Answer questions 1-3 in complete sentences
Jump-Starter: Answer questions 1-3 in complete sentences
Atlantic & Pacific
Jump-Starter: Answer questions 1-3 in complete sentences
Atlantic & Pacific
Jump-Starter: Answer questions 1-3 in complete sentences
Atlantic & Pacific
52°30´ S Latitude
Jump-Starter: Answer questions 1-3 in complete sentences
Atlantic & Pacific
52°30´ S Latitude
Jump-Starter: Answer questions 1-3 in complete sentences
Atlantic & Pacific
52°30´ S Latitude
Cape Pilar
South
Jump-Starter: Answer in complete sentences!
1) List three reasons Europeans were interested in exploration.
2) Christopher Columbus was sponsored by which nation on his
exploration to North America?
3) Explain Mercantilism in your own words.
4) Europeans spread their Christian faith by sending
___________ to new lands.
5) Who is credited with making the first circumnavigation of the
globe?
6) Who is credited with making the second circumnavigation of the
globe?
7) Which Portuguese explorer found the Cape of Good Hope?
8) John Cabot is credited with discovering Newfoundland,
____________, and _________________.
9) America is named after which Spanish/Portuguese Explorer?
10) Canada was discovered by which French explorer?
Jump-Starter: Answer in complete sentences!
1) List three reasons Europeans were interested in
exploration.
1) God – spread of Christianity
2) Gold – increased wealth
3) Glory – new wealth and power
2) Christopher Columbus was sponsored by which
nation on his exploration to North America?
1) Spain – Ferdinand and Isabella
Jump-Starter: Answer in complete sentences!
3) Explain Mercantilism in your own words.
1) There is a fixed amount of wealth, so the
only way to get more is take from someone
else.
3) Europeans spread their Christian faith by
sending ____________to new lands.
1) Colonists
Jump-Starter: Answer in complete sentences!
5) Who is credited with making the first
circumnavigation of the globe?
1) Ferdinand Magellan
6) Who is credited with making the second
circumnavigation of the globe?
1) Sir Francis Drake
Jump-Starter: Answer in complete sentences!
7) Which Portuguese explorer found the Cape of
Good Hope?
1) Bartolomeu Dias
8) John Cabot is credited with discovering
Newfoundland, ____________, and
_________________.
1) Nova Scotia
2) New England
Jump-Starter: Answer in complete sentences!
9) America is named after which
Spanish/Portuguese Explorer?
1) Amerigo Vespucci
10) Canada was discovered by which French
explorer?
1) Jacques Cartier