Transcript European Explorers/Conquistadors

European
Explorers/Conquistadors
PORTUGAL
Henry the Navigator• Portuguese Prince.
•
Established a school of
Navigation in Portugal.
Sponsored expeditions to
chart Atlantic coast to
Africa. Wished to
establish direct access to
gold in Arab nations.
(Middle East).
1. Bartholomew Dias (1488)
• Sailed around Cape of Good Hope and around
•
the southern tip of Africa.
He turned his ship around after he sailed around
the tip and did not continue.
2. Vasco da Gama (1498)
• Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and
eastwards all the way to India.
– First to sail all the way across the Indian Ocean.
3. Pedro Alvares Cabral (1500)
• Intended to follow up da Gama’s voyage to India, his ship was
blown off course and landed in Brazil.
• Portugal was able to claim Brazil because of this voyage and as a
result of the…
• * Line of Demarcation-Line drawn by the pope. Any land east of
the line belonged to Portugal. Any land west of the line belonged to
Spain
• Treaty of Torsedillas- the Pope drew a line north to south in the
New World, splitting it between Portugal and Spain. Spain received
Religious Motivations for
Exploration
• “God, Gold, Glory”- One
•
of the motives for
exploration was to spread
Christianity.
Each nation used religion
as a chance to prove they
sailed on God’s authority
(which would make them
seem more powerful)
•French North
Roman
America
Catholicism
• Spanish Empire
(Mexico through
South America)
•Portuguese Empire
(Brazil)
Protestant
Christianity
•Church of England
•Refugees from
European Persecution
(Pilgrims, Puritans)
4. Amerigo Vespucci (1497)• Italian Navigator, but
•
sailed under
Portugal’s flag, also.
Explored the Coast of
South America.
First to discover that
Americas separate
from Asia.
– “Americas” named
after him.
SPAIN
5. Christopher Columbus (1492)
• Sailed with 3 ships. The Nina, Pinta, and the Santa
Maria. Wished to find East Indies.
• Landed in San Salvador (Caribbean) instead. Typically
remembered as man who discovered America.
• Called people he met “Indians”. Made three more
voyages (4 total) and died believing that he had
achieved his goal of landing in the Indies.
6. Ferdinand Magellan- (1519)
• From Portugal, but sailed for Spain.
• Thought there was a shorter route to Asia South of
•
Brazil. Result: 1st Voyage around the World.
Also, named Pacific Ocean because the water was calm
and peaceful.
7. Hernan Cortes (1519)• Sailed from Cuba to
•
Mexico.
Discovered and
conquered Aztecs.
8. Francisco Pizzaro (1530)
 Sailed from Panama
to Peru and
conquered Incan
Empire.
ENGLAND
9. John Cabot (1497)
• Discovered Newfoundland and New England.
• Gave England its first claim in North America.
– His voyage was the beginning of England’s sphere of
influence in North America.
FRANCE
10. Jaques Cartier (1534)
• Made several voyages to North America
• explored much territory in North America (Louisiana
Territory)
• Allowed France to have profitable fur and fishing trade,
but France quickly lost influence in New World.
Assignment
• Take the map you have been given and
draw the routes that each European
explorer took. Make sure you have a map
key that specifies which explorer sailed for
which country and, if you use colors or
various types of lines, that you provide a
map key.