Transcript Explorer`s & their Explorations

EXPLORER’S AND THEIR
EXPLORATIONS
The Exploration of the Americas and the World
WHY EXPLORE?
• Many different European countries paid for
explorations for many different reasons. Some
of the reasons that they explored were:
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To find a sea route to the spices of Asia
To find gold, silver, and precious stones
To expand their knowledge of the world
To control a larger empire
To expand Christianity
To find animal furs
PORTUGAL
• Portugal wanted to get everything they
could get their hands on, except maybe
furs. They left those to the French. The
Portuguese were the first Europeans to
explore the unknown world, and they were
the first to sail around the southern tip of
Africa.
PORTUGAL
• Portugal was the first country to find a
route to the Indies around the southern
tip of Africa
• They only explored what is now Brazil in
the New World.
• They played an important role in the
exploration of the New World in a
different way.
• Born: 1394
PRINCE HENRY THE
NAVIGATOR
• Died: 1460
• Goal: Find a quicker route to the
Indies
• Sponsored explorations of the
Atlantic and down the African Coast
• Developed a new and lighter ship to
make the longer voyages—called a
Caravel
PRINCE HENRY THE
NAVIGATOR
• He had a great deal of
difficulty persuading
his captains to sail
beyond Cape Bojodor
off the west coast of
Africa.
PRINCE HENRY THE
NAVIGATOR
• According to legend, beyond this point in an area
known as the "Green Sea of Darkness," the sun was so
close to the Earth that a person’s skin would burn black,
the sea boiled, ships caught on fire, and monsters hid
waiting to smash the ships and eat the sailors.
PRINCE HENRY THE
NAVIGATOR
• It took fourteen voyages over a period of 12 years until
a ship finally reached the equator.
• Although he never sailed on the expeditions, the
voyages that he paid for in the mid-1400s helped
launch Portugal into the front of the race to find a sea
route to the Indies.
SPAIN
• Spain wanted a lot of things. It wanted to expand its
knowledge of the world that they had never seen.
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They wanted to have a larger empire
find spices and other riches
expand Christianity
The big thing they wanted was gold and silver to pay for
their wars with the Turkish Empire.
CORONADO
• Born: 1510
• Died: 1554
• He discovered the southwestern part of the United States,
including the Grand Canyon
• Primarily searched for the Seven Cities of Gold
• He returned empty handed, but was made governor of
New Spain
PIZARRO
• Born: 1475
• Died: 1541
• He conquered the Inca Empire
• Left in 1503 for Hispaniola, the main
Spanish port in the New World
• Also explored with Balboa in 1513 crossed Panama to discover the
Pacific Ocean
BALBOA
• Born: 1475
• Died: 1519
• He was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean from its
eastern shore
• Stowed away with his dog to the Americas
• Led by Native Americans, he fought their enemies along the
way
• Climbed the mountains with his men, and saw the Pacific and
claimed it for Spain
CORTEZ
• Born: 1485
• Died: 1547
• He was a Spanish Conquistador who defeated and
conquered the Aztec Empire in 1521
• Cortez fought not only the Aztecs, but also his own
countrymen
MAGELLAN
• Born: 1480
• Died: 1521
• He was the first explorer to lead
an expedition around the world.
• Out of the five ships that began
the voyage, only one made it
back to Spain
• Only 18 of the 250 men survived
~ Magellan was not one of
them
COLUMBUS
• Born: 1451
• Died: 1506
• He was the first European since
the Vikings to "discover" the
New World.
• Born in Italy, but sailed for
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
• Thought he found the West
Indies, but really discovered
Cuba, and surrounding islands
COLUMBUS
HERNANDO DE SOTO
• Born: 1500
• Died: 1541
• He led the first expedition
across the southeastern
United States.
• Searched for the Seven Cities
• Aided Pizarro in conquest of
Inca
• Appointed Governor of Cuba in
1533
• Sailed to Florida and went as far
as the Ozark Mountains before
dying on the return journey
• Born: 1454
AMERIGO VESPUCCI
• Died: 1512
• North America and South
America were named after
him.
• Reached S.A. in 1499
• Explored the Caribbean Sea
• Sailed again for Portugal in
1501 going as far south as
Argentina
• Estimated the circumference
of the Earth to within 50 miles
of its actual size
PONCE DE LEON
• Born: 1460
• Died: 1521
• He was the first European to explore
Florida, searching for the Fountain of
Youth.
• Left in search of Bimini and the fountain
of youth in 1513, but he landed near St.
Augustine, FL
• On his second voyage they landed on
the west coast of Florida and Ponce de
Leon was shot by an arrow from the
Native Americans who were waiting for
them—he died in Cuba from his
wounds
ENGLAND
• England wanted the same things Spain wanted,
especially gold and silver, but the Spanish had a much
more powerful navy than England had.
• So when England tried to explore the New World, they
ran into a lot of trouble if the Spanish navy caught
them.
• Since they couldn't really explore the New World, the
English ships would attack the Spanish ships as they
sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and steal their goods.
SIR FRANCIS DRAKE
• Born: 1540
• Died: 1596
• He helped defeat the Spanish
Armada, and he was the first
Englishman to sail around the world.
• Plundered Panama and Veracruz in
1570’s
• 1577 took 5 ships and sailed to the
Pacific following the coastline and
continued on
• 1580 he made it back to Plymouth
Harbor
• In 1588 he helped defeat the
Spanish Armada
JOHN CABOT
• Born: 1450
• Died: 1499?
• He was the first European since the Vikings to explore
the mainland of North America and the first to search
for the Northwest Passage.
FRANCE
• France wanted a larger empire, spices and riches,
and to expand Christianity.
• They also wanted animal furs. They enjoyed
wearing hats and coats made out of animal skins.
ROBERT LA SALLE
• Born: 1643
• Died: 1687
• He was the first European to sail
down the Mississippi River from the
Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.
• 1669-73 sailed the rivers of N.A.
CARTIER
• Born: 1491
• Died: 1557
• He discovered the St. Lawrence River.
• 3 expeditions, but no passage through the north
MARQUETTE
• Born: 1637
• Died: 1675
• He was on the expedition that
led to the discovery of the
Mississippi River.
• Led exploration with the help
of Louis Jolliet
• Set up a trading post and
Monastery on Lake Michigan