Transcript Ch. 20: The Atlantic World

Bell Ringer: Monday, 11/2
What do you know about Christopher Columbus
and his discovery? Why do you think some people
see him as a villain and some see him as a hero?
In Class Today:
1. Review for Test
2. Test (Renaissance, Reformation)
3. Notes: Age of Exploration
4. Video: Guns, Germs, & Steel
Exploration and Imperialism
Columbus Sails the Ocean Blue…
Christopher Columbus—Spanish sea captain, led
a voyage across Atlantic in 1492
Looking for new way to reach Asia (for trade)
Actually landed island in the Caribbean
Didn’t realize he wasn’t in Asia
North and South America became known as
the “New World” (new to Europeans)
Claimed possession of every island he landed
on
Christopher Columbus
Spain Begins Building Empire
 Columbus returned to these islands later with
many ships, soldiers, settlers
 Spanish began mission of colonizing all of the
new world
 Many new explorers came from all over Europe to
discover and claim lands
 Why?
--Gold!
--God!
--Glory!
Early Exploration Map
Tools of Exploration
 New inventions allowed European sailors to
travel long distances
 Astrolabe: used stars to calculate latitude,
longitude (Arab invention)
 Compass: shows direction
 Larger ships (wooden) made for longer voyages
Bell Ringer: Wednesday, 11/4
Why do you think Columbus is remembered for
“discovering” the New World, while other cultures
have made discoveries that are not talked about at all
today?
In Class Today:
1. Notes: Colonizing the New World
2. Video: Guns, Germs, & Steel
3. Reading: Jews Expelled from Spain
Vespucci
 Navigator, cartographer (map maker)
 Established fact that east coast of South America
was not Asia
 New World given the name “America” in honor of
Vespucci’s first name (Amerigo)
Spain and the New World
 Ferdinand Magellan—left Spain with five ships and
230 men; first crew to sail around the world
(circumnavigate)
 Cortes led many conquistadors (conquerors) into new
lands to claim land for Spain
 Lured by stories of rich lands filled with treasures
 Overthrew the Aztec empire with small number of
men—forced them to mine for more gold
 Use of guns and cannons unknown to Aztecs
New World Map
End of Native Rule in America
 The Spanish also conquered the Incas in South
America
 Natives sometimes believed conquistadors were
gods to be worshipped at first
 Other European powers, including Portugal and
France, began sending explorers and settlers to
New World
 As time passed, superior weapons and diseases
(such as smallpox) wiped out large numbers of
natives
 Native Amer. way of life changed forever
Columbian Exchange
Bell Ringer: Friday, 11/6
How did the Spanish conquistadors manage to
defeat great native powers such as the Aztecs and
Incas?
In Class Today:
1. Notes: Slave trade
2. Essay: Columbus’ impact
3. Video clips: Amistad
Slave Trade Begins
 Slavery in Africa had existed for over a thousand years
 Muslims in 7th century began buying and exporting
Africans to Asia
 Many African leaders were willing to sell their people
as slaves to get riches, weapons
 As North Amer. natives died off, Europeans began
importing more Africans for work
 At first, Spain and Portugal were the leading
importers of slaves, later all colonial powers did
Slave Trade
 Atlantic slave trade brought nearly 10 million Africans
to New World between 1500-1807
 Large majority of slaves were brought to Caribbean
islands and Brazil (sugar)
 Triangular trade:
 Europeans brought manufactured goods to African
leaders
 Those goods were traded for slaves
 Slaves brought to New World and sold
 Slave-made goods shipped from New World back to
Europe for sale in cities
Triangular Trade
Passage to Americas
 Voyage from Africa to the Americas became known as
the Middle Passage
 Slaves were crowded into cargo holds on ships and
suffered inhuman conditions
-Slaves lived for weeks in filthy, grotesque
atmosphere (human waste & disease) on ships
-Those who refused to eat or obey orders were
beaten severely, some thrown overboard
-Those who survived were cleaned up and sold to
highest bidder
Slave Transports
 About 20% of slaves per ship died before
reaching Americas
 Many Africans jumped to their deaths
 Many families separated permanently by slave
traders
Conditions on Slave Ships
Bell Ringer: Tuesday, 11/10
What was your reaction to the scenes from Amistad?
Why do you think people still engaged in slave
trading even after it was banned?
In Class Today:
1. Essay: Impact of Columbus
2. Achieve article
3. Clips: Amistad, Crash Course
Columbus Essay Format
 Four paragraphs total:
P1: Intro/Positives of Columbus’ discovery
P2: Negatives of Columbus’ discovery
P3: Negatives continued
P4: Conclusion (sum up main points)
Impact of Columbus
 Destruction of Native American culture due to
disease and conflict
 Millions of Africans ripped from their homes and
transported to New World
 Huge supply of gold and other natural resources
for Europe
 Eventually colonies provided markets for
consuming European goods
 New nations (such as the United States) emerged
and grew strong