Transcript 6_1 - Early Explorations

Chapter 6: Expanding Horizons
6.1 Notes: Early Explorations
Warm-Up
• World Map Exercise
Where in the world…
Locate these important chapter 6 places on your map!
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Cape of Good Hope
Straight of Magellan
Brazil
Peru
West Indies
Portugal
India
Spain
North America
Mexico
What was the Age of Exploration?
• A time when Europeans began to explore the
rest of the world.
• Improvements in mapmaking, shipbuilding,
and navigation made exploration possible.
Photo Analysis #1
Why Explore?
• Merchants sought a profitable trade with Asia.
– Spices such as pepper, cinnamon, and nutmeg
were used as perfume, cosmetics, medicine, and
to flavor/preserve meat.
• The church wanted to spread Christian
teachings.
• Learning and imagination.
New Technology
• Open water ocean sailing required
new tools so that ships could travel
beyond sight of land for extended
periods.
• Sailors began to learn how to use
the position of the sun and stars to
navigate beyond sight of land.
– Compass: Determined the direction
a ship was sailing.
– Mariner’s Astrolabe: Determined
the latitude of a ship at sea by
measuring the noon altitude of the
sun or the meridian altitude of a
star of known declination.
New Tech (Continued)
• Cartographer’s (Mapmakers)skills improved into the 1300s.
– Mediterranean coastline now shown with greater accuracy.
• Navigation maps by the ancient Greek astronomer Ptolemy reappear
in Europe
– His grid system of latitude and longitude lines gave Europeans a
new picture of the world.
• Ship design improves
– Ships can now sail against the wind because of triangle-shaped
lateen sails.
– Multiple masts and sails(3-4) were added and made travel faster.
– Up to 65 feet long and could carry 130 tons
• New ships called caravels incorporated all these improvements!
– Caravels drew little water and allowed explorers to venture up
shallow inlets and rivers in order to make repairs to the ship.
– Carried new weapons: muskets and cannons.
Caravel
Christopher Columbus
• Columbus leaves with
three ships
• Lands in the Bahamas but
believes he found India
– Names inhabitants
“Indians”
– Islands became known as
West Indies
– Discovers a new route for
spices…business!
Photo Analysis #2
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List three details from the picture
What is the message that the illustrator is trying to get across?
Prince Henry the Navigator
• Son of King John I of Portugal
• Brought together the best
mapmakers, mathematicians,
and astronomers to study
navigation.
• Sponsored Portuguese
exploratory voyages to the
Atlantic and down Africa’s
west coast to find spices.
• Discoveries became the
foundation of the Portuguese
Empire.
Bartholomeu Dias
• Found the southern
tip of Africa, later
named the Cape of
Good Hope (1488).
• Found route to the
Indian Ocean.
• Proved that ships
could reach East Asia
by sailing around
Africa.
Vasco de Gama
• Sailed from Portugal and landed in
India in 1498.
• The expedition rounded the Cape of
Good Hope and made stops at
trading centers along the coast of
Africa.
• Found Hindus and Muslims trading
fine silk, porcelain, and spices.
• Faster trade route from Europe to
India and East Indies.
Ferdinand Magellan
• Was credited as the first to
circumnavigate (circle) the globe.
• Killed in the Philippines and his crew
finished the voyage without him.
• Voyage proved that:
– The world was round.
– The world was larger than anyone had
previously believed.
– Oceans of the world are connected.
– Lands discovered by Columbus were not
part of Asia.
Wrap-Up
• Magellan VLA
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pM-igYjn6E4
– Dice Roll: Fresh facts you learned!!
Homework
• Create a newspaper article (complete with a
clever headline), highlighting one of the
explorers that we studied today.
• Make sure to include three details about the
explorer and underline them.
What “stuck” with me today…
• Write down one new piece of information that
you learned today and why you feel that this is
important.
• Stick your post-it to the board on your way out
of class!
RAFT Activity
• Half a page RAFT
– Role
• Who are you writing as?
– Audience
• Who are you writing to?
– Format
• A journal entry, letter, speech, etc.
– Topic
• What are you writing about?