Transcript Mediterranean Europe

Where is Mediterranean Europe?
Region: Mediterranean Europe
aka Southern Europe
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Spain
Portugal
Andorra
Italy
Vatican City
Malta
Greece
Mediterranean Climate
• This climate region is named for the land around
the Med Sea where the climate is found
although it is found other places in the world.
• Hot and Dry Summers
• Cool/Moderate and Rainy Winters
• One reason for this climate is the mountains
block cold north winds from reaching the Iberian,
Italian, and Balkan peninsulas
• Good climate for dense populations and
agricultural activity.
Special Winds: Siroccos
• A sirocco is a hot,
steady south wind
that blows from North
Africa across the
Mediterranean Sea
into Southern
Europe.
Some siroccos pick up moisture from the
sea and produce rain; others pick up dust
from the desert, which builds new soils
and fertilizes crops in Southern Europe.
Special Winds: Mistrals
• A mistral is a strong, cold, dry regional
wind in France, it comes from the north.
Mistrals can reach 90
kilometers per hour.
The Mediterrean region was home
to the two great civilizations of
ancient Europe. What were they?
• Ancient Greece
• Ancient Rome
•The Ancient Greek city-state of
Sparta is featured in the film 300.
•What does this movie poster
show about cultures?
Two geographic advantages helped
this region develop
• Mild climate made survival easier and
people had time to develop complex
institutions such as government & empire.
• Mediterranean Sea encouraged trade with
different cultures in North Africa and the
Middle East.
• Trade resulted in cultural diffusion which
brought new ideas to the region, which led
to advances in knowledge & technology.
Mediterranean Trade Routes
Just look, no notes!
Greece:
Birthplace of
Democracy
The people of Greece are
known as Greeks.
They speak Greek.
Greek Orthodox is a
popular form of Christianity
in Greece.
Ancient Birthplace of the
modern Olympics and the
Marathon race.
Maps of Greece
Greece is located on the Balkan
Peninsula. South of Macedonia.
Across the Aegean Sea from Asia.
The city-state
• Near 4000 years ago, people settled in
isolated villages across the Balkan
Peninsula. These villages developed into
independent city states.
A city-state is a political unit made up of a
city and the lands surrounding it.
• In 508 BC, the city-state of Athens
developed the first democracy, a
government in which the people rule.
• In Athens, all free adult males were
citizens who had the right to serve in the
law-making assembly.
• Athenian democracy helped inspire the US
system of government.
• Warring among the Greek city-states
weakened them so they were conquered
by Alexander the Great near 336 BC.
Alexander the Great’s Empire
334-323 BC
Greek classics, ideas or thoughts, in
science, philosophy, drama and art
helped shape modern culture.
The Parthenon in Greece
Famous Greek Temple (450 BC) near Athens
City of Santorini in Greece
Greek Heroes: Jason, Hercules…
Homer’s epics: The Iliad and Odyssey
Apennine Mts.-Italy
The Apennines make the Italian peninsula
difficult terrain to travel through.
“All roads lead to Rome”
• As Greek power was falling,
Rome was rising. Founded
as a small village in 753 BC
Rome had built a huge
empire by 100 AD.
• Infrastructure made the
Roman empire, aqueducts
brought water down from
the mountains to cities and
large road networks
provided Rome important
communication links with far
away regions of it’s empire,
they also were good when
armies needed to march
someplace as they were
often required to.
Roman Aqueduct in Segovia, Spain
Aqueducts are
structures that
carry water
over long
distances.
Roman Aqueduct in Istanbul,
Turkey
Aqueduct at Pont Du Gard
Roman Senate pictured below
• Rome began as a
republic, a
government in
which citizens elect
representatives to
rule in their name.
• Rome conquered the
Iberian and Balkan
peninsulas as well
as much of Northern
Europe, including
present-day Britain.
•Due to political
turmoil in
Rome, a
dictator, or
emperor,
named Julius
Caesar took
over the
republic.
One of Rome’s
territories was
Palestine, the
place where
Jesus of
Nazareth was
born.
• Christianity spread across the empire
when the emperor made it Rome’s official
religion in the late 300 AD’s.
The Coliseum at Rome
The Coliseum at Rome was used
as a public arena for gladiator
fights and public executions of
criminals, traitors, and other
people undesirable to the Imperial
Roman government.
• In 476 AD, Barbarian invaders overthrew
the Roman empire, however they had no
strong central government, so Italy divided
into many, small city-states.
After the fall of
Rome, interest in
learning and
education fell and
a period began in
history called the
Dark or Middle
Ages.
City-states of Italy
• In 1096, Christian
armies launched the
Crusades against the
Muslims that
controlled Palestine.
• Italian merchants
earned enormous
profits ($$$) by
supplying ships for
the Crusaders’
journey across the
Med.
• Italian city-states
became wealthy and
grew powerful.
Renaissance (French for Rebirth)
• Began among the wealthy, powerful
Italian city-states who could afford to
be patrons, or wealthy sponsors of
artists, scientists, and philosophers
such as: Leonardo, Michaelangelo,
Donatello, and Rafael.
• It was a time of renewed interest in
classical art & learning that followed
the Middle Ages and lasted from the
1500s-1700s. (14th – 16th century)
The Renaissance started first in Italy in the 1500’s with
famous artists and inventors.
•Renaissance ideas spread north from Italy to
the rest of Europe during this period.
Michaelangelo’s “Awakening Slave” &
“Holy Family”
Michaelangelo’s “Creation of Man”
Painted on ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Rafael’s “Madonna”
Leonardo DaVinci
Artist & inventor
Vatican City Smallest nation in the world.
Vatican St. Peters Basilica
A city-state within Rome where
the Pope lives.
The Pope is the leader of the Roman
Catholic Church. This is the current
Pope, Pope Benedict.
Italy
Venice -Canals throughout the city which is slowly
sinking into the sea
Venice
Gondolas
Leaning tower of
Pisa
Iberian Peninsula
• Spain and
Portugal
are
located
on the
Iberian
Peninsula
.
• Spain and Portugal established colonies
throughout the Americas and elsewhere during
the 16th century.
• They spread Christianity & the Roman Catholic
Church as well as the Spanish and Portuguese
languages throughout the world.
Pyrenees Mountains
Pyrenees Mts. have isolated Iberian Pen. from Europe
SPAIN
The people of Spain
are Spaniards or
Spanish.
They speak Spanish.
Roman Catholics are
numerous throughout
Spain.
The Kingdom of Spain
helped to fund
Columbus’ voyages to
the New World.
Bull fighting is a
popular spectator
sport and the
Running of the
Bulls takes place
every summer in
Pamplona, Spain.
Soccer is also a popular sport.
Spanish Artists: Dali
Spanish Artists: Picasso
Rock of Gibraltar
The Rock of Gibraltar is famous for its strategic importance;
it holds an underground military communication center and
a naval base.
From a different angle-