Transcript Classical Civilizations in the Mediterranean: Greece and Rome

CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS IN
THE MEDITERRANEAN: GREECE
AND ROME
Mrs. Booth
Agenda
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Finish up religions review, analyze
Civilizations in the Mediterranean-Notes, fill out
the chart. I have budgeted only thirty minutes tops
for this, I will time it.
India and Mediterranean review.
Mediterranean Reflection
Greece and China-Comparative DBQ.
What assumptions come to mind
when you think of Ancient Greece?
What assumptions come to mind
when you think of Ancient Rome?
Commonalities?
Impact on the contemporary?
Two major civilizations form…
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Two major civilizations form in Middle East and
Eastern Mediterranean.
A massive Persian Empire develops spurred by
outside invasion.
At the same time, Greek city-states establish a
presence along the Eastern Mediterranean and into
parts of Southern Europe.
Greeks develop strong culture of their own and
every one else is considered “bar-bars.”
Classical Mediterranean
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Complicated because it passes through two centers
during its centuries of vigor
Greece
Rome
800 BCE-476 CE
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Classical civilizations sprang up along the
Mediterranean and had an impact that rivaled that
of India and China
Centered first in Greece, then in Rome
Persia in the Middle East: Cyrus the
Based on the map, what do you think
makes Cyrus so “Great?”
Great
Persia in the Middle East:Cyrus the
Great
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550 BCE, Cyrus the Great establishes a massive
Persian Empire across the northern middle East and
into northwestern India.
Inherits many achievements made by earlier
Mesopotamian societies
Persians develop a new religion-Zoroastrianism
 supreme
deity, Ahura Mazda
 cosmic struggle between a spirit of good, Spenta
Mainyu, and a spirit of evil, Angra Mainyu.
Greece
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Indo-European people, like Aryan conquerors of
India.
Ultimately toppled by waves of invaders until
civilization is destroyed in the peninsula until 800
BCE.
Rapid rise in civilization between 800-600 BCE.
Strong city-states instead of centralized
government- each city state had its own government
Usually aristocratic council or tyranny of one
Greece Continued…
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Trade begins to develop rapidly
Strong culture emerges, including a rich written
language derived from the Phoenician alphabet
Greek also joined in regular celebrations such as
the athletic competitions of the Olympic Games
Sparta and Athens become two leading city-states
500-449 BCE
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Sparta and Athens cooperate to defeat the huge
Persian invasion.
This is the point Greek/Athenian culture reaches its
highest point
Pericles becomes most famous political figure in
Greece- dominates Athenian politics
Peloponnesian Wars
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431-404 BCE
Athens and Sparta fight for control of Greece
Ambitious Kings from Macedonia also involved in
wars and soon conquer depleted cities.
Philip II of Macedon wins crucial battle in 338 BCE.
THEN…son Alexander the Great extends the
Macedonian empire through the Middle East, across
Persia to the border of India, and Southward
through Egypt.
Alexander the Great
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Macedonian King who forges a military empire that
briefly embraces Persia as well.
Through his military conquests, Greek cultural
influence is spread so widely that the years that
follow are known as Hellenistic (“from the Greek”)
period of history.
Are these images
accurate? Why or
why not?
Mosaic discovered
at Pompeii
Alexander the Great dies….
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At 33, Alexander dies but successors still keep
Greek influence alive and strong.
Period known as the Hellenistic Period because the
influence of the Greeks, or hellenes, as Greeks were
known
Rome
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Rise of Rome is the last phase of classical
Mediterranean civilization.
Began humbly in 800 BCE with a local monarchy in
central Italy
509 BCE Roman Aristocrats drive out monarchy and
establish more elaborate political institutions for
their city-state
Punic Wars
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Roman conquest of territory leads to wars with the
Phoenician city of Carthage. (Northern coast of
Africa)
264-146 BCE
After final destruction of Carthage, Romans
proceed to seize entire western Mediterranean
along with Greece and Egypt.
Politics of Roman Republic
Politics of Roman Republic
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Politics of Roman Republic becomes increasingly
unstable as powerful generals began fighting one
another and the poor of the city rebelled.
Civil war between two generals led to the victory of
Julius Caesar in 45 BCE
Caesar's grand nephew seizes power in 27 BCE and
establishes the basic structures of the Roman Empire.
The Roman Empire
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200 yrs through reign of Marcus Aurelius in 180 CE,
the empire maintained great vigor, bringing peace
and prosperity to all of the Mediterranean World.
Pantheon commissioned by Marcus
Agrippa as a temple.
STEA63540075
Stop, think, discuss
•What similarities can your draw
between Greece and Rome?
•Why do the similarities exist?
Fan-N-Pick
1. You will have approximately ten minutes to get through your
questions.
2. If the person answering does not know the answer, help them
out with clues and hints until everyone understands.
3. If your group finishes early (which they shouldn’t), start
answering the reflection questions at the bottom of your note
sheet on Greece and Rome.
Task
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Each group will be given one of the following
topics:
Greek Political Institutions
Roman Political Institutions
Religion/ Philosophy
Culture/Architecture
Economy and Society
The Fall of Rome/Global Connections
What you will be responsible for….
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For the remainder of class you will be allowed to
work on Posters that will be presented at the
opening of next class.
We will begin next class with a walk through the
Mediterranean, where you will be responsible for
teaching the class your aspect of Greek or Roman
culture. Therefore, you must be thorough, and come
up with a very interesting way to present your part
of Mediterranean culture.
What should be included?
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You should include….
Three images associated with your topic. They can
be drawn or printed off the internet.
Important names, dates or events that are
associated with your theme
The major SPRITE facts included in your section
“Take away” themes (major themes) that everyone
should know about your topic