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Early History of Europe
Classical Greece & Rome
Both have made major contributions to the
Western World even today
Classical
Classical period : great achievements
800 B.C. - 400 A.D
Or Golden Age
Classical Greece
Had been ruled by kings
City-states, or polis
Created a government where the people are in
direct control
What form of government did they create?
Democracy
World First Democracy
Direct Democracy
All citizens participate
Who do you think was a citizen?
What were their rights & responsibilities
United States
Representative Democracy
Constitutional based Federal Republic with strong
democratic traditions
Athens & Sparta
2 most powerful city-states in Greece
Athens favored education
Sparta favored military training
thinking/philosophy
Always be prepared for war
United for the Persian War
Fought in against each other in Peloponnesian
War
Greek Culture Spread
Greece is conquered by Philip II of Macedonia
Alexander the Great
Spread culture from Egypt to Asia
–
Alexandria Egypt
Hellenistic: Greek Like
Eventually fall the Romans
Rome
•
Romes beginning
–
Twins : Romulus & Remus
Rome
•
Rome created on 7 hills
•
Open for attack
–
Create a powerful military
•
–
Expanding Rome
Borrowed ideas from Greece
•
Latin alphabet, art, religion, mythology
Creating a Republic
•
First ran by king
•
Republic: people choose their leaders
–
Lead by 2 consuls
–
Consuls: elected by the people to represent
them
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Senate: landowners who serve for life
–
Created 12 Bronze Tables in which all laws
were written & dispayed
Roman Empire
•
264 -146 BC
•
War: Punic War/ Invasions
–
Rome expanded throughout the Mediterranean
–
Gave them Roman citizenship
–
Began trading with India & China
–
Fall of a Republic and beginning of an empire
•
•
•
Emperor: absolute ruler for life (dictator)
Julius Caesar, Augustus Caesar
Pax Romana: 200 year os Peace
Roman Achievements
•
Temples, stadiums, baths
•
Colosseum
•
Pantheon
•
Aqueducts
•
Road
–
Increased the population of Rome
Christianity
•
Jesus was born under Caesar Augustus
•
Jesus Death
–
Disciples spread Christianity to Rome
–
Many Christians were persecuted for their
beliefs
–
Later emperors made Christianity the official
religion of Rome
•
Constantine
Fall of Rome
•
Moved the capital of Rome to what is now
present day Istanbul, Turkey
•
Named it Constantinople
•
Plagues
•
Western part of Rome falls to Germans
•
Eastern part of Rome becomes known at the
–
Byzantine Empire that will last another 1000 yrs