Transcript Introduction to Classification

The Five Kingdoms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Biology Warm Up
Please read the WarmUp guidelines on your table
Keep this paper in your binder.
It is part of your binder check on Monday.
Today’s WarmUp
One system for classifying living organisms identifies five
kingdoms of living things.
On your paper list what those five kingdoms might be.
For each kingdom list the defining characteristics of the
group.
Be sure that every living thing fits into one of your
kingdoms.
1. Monera

Simplest organisms, one celled, prokaryotic
 Found everywhere on earth, some are helpful,
some harmful, consumers

They need water, oxygen and appropriate
temperature to survive

Most feed on dead plants & animals

Most do not move (non-motile)

Asexual reproduction by binary fission (12)

Sexual reproduction by conjugation
1. Monera

Prokaryotic:
simplest life forms
cell membrane and cytoplasm,
no membrane-bound organelles.
(organisms with membrane-bound
organelles, like a nucleus, are called
eukaryotes).
 Modern classification splits this
kingdom in two
Cell Parts
1. cytoplasm
2. cell membrane
3. cell wall
4. some have flagella
Cell Shapes
 Round (coccus, cocci)
 Rod-Shaped (bacillus, bacilli)
 Spiral (spirillum, spirilli)
Different Types of Bacteria
2. Protista
 Most one celled organisms, eukaryotic,
most live in water
– animal-like, one-celled,
move, consumers (don’t make food)
 ALGAE – plant-like, most one-celled,
have chlorophyll, producers (make food)
 SLIME MOLDS – fungus-like, one-celled,
have 2 life stages (1 fungus-like life stage),
consumers
 PROTOZOA
Amoeba
Examples
Kingdom
PROTISTA
3. Fungi
 Multi-cellular, eukaryotic organisms
 Most have large cells and many nuclei
 Fungi have cell walls made of chitin
consumers, and grow in dark
moist places
 They are
Kingdom
FUNGI
4. Plantae
 Many-celled, eukaryotic
 Have cell walls made of cellulose
 Contain chlorophyll, they are producers
(make their own food though photosynthesis)
 Live in both aquatic & land environments
 Plants do not move (usually)
Examples include: mosses, ferns, grasses, shrubs,
flowering plants (angiosperms), trees (gymnosperms)
Kingdom
PLANTAE
5. Animalia
 Eukaryotic
 Multicellular
 Consumers (cannot do
photosynthesis)
 No cell wall
5. Animalia

We will look at 9 phyla (plural of phylum)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Poriferans
Coelenterates
Platyheminthes
Nematodes
Annelids
6. Mollusks
7. Arthropods
8. Echinoderms
9. Chordates
Phylum: Porifera (Sponges)
1. Porifera (Sponges)
 Simple organisms
 2 cell layers
 No head or mouth, no organs
 Porous body with stiff skeleton
 Attached to underwater surfaces
 Live in fresh water and salt water
 No symmetry
Phylum
Coelenterata
2. Coelenterata
(jellyfish, sea anemones, sea fans, corals)
 2 cell layers
 Tentacles around the mouth
 Tentacles have stinging cells
 Mouth is the only opening into the
digestive cavity
 Have radial symmetry
 Most live in salt water
Phylum Platyhelminthes
3. Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
(flukes, tapeworms, planarians)
 3 cell layers
 Mouth is the only opening into the
digestive cavity
 Many are parasitic (flukes, tapeworms)
 Many live in the ocean (planarians)
 Exhibit bilateral symmetry
Phylum Nematoda
4. Nematoda (Round Worms)
(hookworms, pinworms, trichinae)
 Have tubular body
 Have digestive tract with 2 openings
 Live mainly in the soil, water or animal
tissues
 Reproduce sexually
 Exhibit bilateral symmetry
Phylum Annelida
5. Annelida (Segmented Worms)
(earthworms, sandworms, leeches)
 3 cell layers
 Segmented body with pair of bristles on
each segment
 Have circulatory, digestive & nervous
systems (breathe through skin)
 Move by contracting circular and
longitudinal muscles
Phylum Molluska
6. Mollusca
(snails, slugs, oysters, clams, octopuses,
squids)
 3 distinct body parts
1. Head-foot
2. Heart and organs
3. Mantle
 Have soft body protected by 1 shell,
2 shells or no shell
 Live in fresh or salt water, or on land
Phylum
Arthropoda
7. Arthropoda

Have jointed legs, segmented bodies &
exoskeleton, have bilateral symmetry
 They live in the water, land and air
The 5 major classes include:
1. Crustaceans (Lobsters, crabs, crayfish, shrimp)
2. Arachnids – 8 legs, 2 body parts
(Spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions)
3. Insects – 6 legs, 3 body parts
(Beetles, grasshoppers, dragonflies, butterflies)
4. Centipedes & 5. Millipedes
Phylum Echinodermata
8. Echinodermata
(starfish, sea urchins, brittle stars, sand
dollars, sea cucumbers)
 Have 5 body parts (“arms”) radiating out
 Have bumpy, spiny internal skeleton
 Have “tube feet”
 Live in salt water on ocean
bottom
 Exhibit radial symmetry
Phylum Chordata
Kingdom: Animalia
9. Chordata
Phylum
All chordates have:
1. Gill slits (they stay or disappear)
2. Notochord (supporting rod of tissue
along the back)
3. Hollow nerve tube (runs along the back)

Most chordates have a back bone (Fish,
Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals)

Some chordates do not have a back
bone (Tunicates and Lancelets)
Classes
Fish – live in water, breathe through gills, are
covered by scales, and are cold-blooded
Amphibians – live in moist environment, in
or near water, or on land for short periods, have
thin moist skin, and are cold-blooded
Reptiles –5live
on land, breath through lungs,
Classes
have dry scaly skin, are cold-blooded
Birds – live on land & over H2O, have feathers,
fly, breath through lungs, warm-blooded
Mammals – live on land and in or near water,
have hair, fur, females have mammary glands
that produce milk for young. They lay eggs, or
have pouches, or develop in the mother (live birth).