Transcript The Five Kingdoms

The Five Kingdoms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
1. Monera

Simplest organisms, one celled, prokaryotic
 Found everywhere on earth, some are helpful,
some harmful, consumers

They need water, oxygen and appropriate
temperature to survive

Most feed on dead plants & animals

Most do not move (non-motile)

Asexual reproduction by binary fission (12)

Sexual reproduction by conjugation
Cell Parts
1. cytoplasm
2. cell membrane
3. cell wall
4. some have flagella
Cell Shapes
 Round (coccus, cocci)
 Rod-Shaped (bacillus, bacilli)
 Spiral (spirillum, spirilli)
Different Types of Bacteria
2. Protista
 Most one celled organisms, eukaryotic,
most live in water
– animal-like, one-celled,
move, consumers (don’t make food)
 ALGAE – plant-like, most one-celled,
have chlorophyll, producers (make food)
 SLIME MOLDS – fungus-like, one-celled,
have 2 life stages (1 fungus-like life stage),
consumers
 PROTOZOA
Amoeba
Examples
Kingdom
PROTISTA
 Asexual reproduction by fragmentation
(individual breaks into pieces & each piece
grows into a new individual)
 Sexual reproduction by alternation of
generations
3. Fungi
 Multi-cellular, eukaryotic organisms
 Most have large cells and many nuclei
 Fungi have cell walls made of chitin
consumers, and grow in dark
moist places
 They are
 Asexual reproduction by budding (buds regrow to adult)
new adult)
& fragments (fragments grow to
 Sexual reproduction by spores (spores
germinate and produce new organism
Kingdom
FUNGI
4. Plantae
 Many-celled, eukaryotic
 Have cell walls made of cellulose
 Contain chlorophyll, they are producers
(make their own food though photosynthesis)
 Live in both aquatic & land environments
 Plants do not move
Examples include: mosses, ferns, grasses, shrubs,
flowering plants (angiosperms), trees (gymnosperms)
Kingdom
PLANTAE
5. Animalia
 We will look at 9 phyla (plural of phylum)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Poriferans
Coelenterates
Platyheminthes
Nematodes
Annelids
6. Mollusks
7. Arthropods
8. Echinoderms
9. Chordates
Phylum: Porifera (Sponges)
1. Porifera (Sponges)
 Simple organisms
 2 cell layers
 No head or mouth, no organs
 digestion by diffusion
 Porous body with stiff skeleton
 Attached to underwater surfaces
 Live in fresh water and salt water
 No symmetry
Phylum
Coelenterata
2. Coelenterata
(jellyfish, sea anemones, sea fans, corals)
 2 cell layers
 Tentacles around the mouth
 Tentacles have stinging cells
 Mouth is the only opening into the
digestive cavity
 Have radial symmetry
 Most live in salt water
 Nerve net (no head)
Phylum Platyhelminthes
3. Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
(flukes, tapeworms, planarians)
 3 cell layers
 Mouth is the only opening into the
digestive cavity
 Many are parasitic (flukes, tapeworms)
 Many live in the ocean (planarians)
 Exhibit bilateral symmetry
 Primitive brain, 2 longitudinal nerve
cords, respond to stimuli (touch, light)
Phylum Nematoda
4. Nematoda (Round Worms)
(hookworms, pinworms, trichinae)
 Have tubular body
 Have digestive tract with 2 openings
 Live mainly in the soil, water or animal
tissues
 Reproduce sexually
 Exhibit bilateral symmetry
 Primitive brain, pharyngeal nerve ring, dorsal
and ventral nerve cords
Phylum Annelida
5. Annelida (Segmented Worms)
(earthworms, sandworms, leeches)
 3 cell layers
 Segmented body with pair of bristles on
each segment
 Have circulatory, digestive & nervous
systems (breathe through skin)
 Sensory cells, more advanced brain,
ventral nerve cord with ganglia
 Move by contracting circular and
longitudinal muscles
Phylum Molluska
6. Mollusca
(snails, slugs, oysters, clams, octopuses,
squids)
 3 distinct body parts
1. Head-foot
2. Heart and organs
3. Mantle
 Have soft body protected by 1 shell,
2 shells or no shell
 Live in fresh or salt water, or on land
Phylum
Arthropoda
7. Arthropoda

Have jointed legs, segmented bodies &
exoskeleton, have bilateral symmetry
 They live in the water, land and air
The 5 major classes include:
1. Crustaceans (Lobsters, crabs, crayfish, shrimp)
2. Arachnids – 8 legs, 2 body parts
(Spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions)
3. Insects – 6 legs, 3 body parts
(Beetles, grasshoppers, dragonflies, butterflies)
4. Centipedes & 5. Millipedes
Phylum Echinodermata
8. Echinodermata
(starfish, sea urchins, brittle stars, sand
dollars, sea cucumbers)
 Have 5 body parts (“arms”) radiating out
 Have bumpy, spiny internal skeleton
 Have “tube feet”
 Live in salt water on ocean
bottom
 Exhibit radial symmetry
Phylum Chordata
Kingdom: Animalia
9. Chordata
Phylum
All chordates have:
1. Gill slits (they stay or disappear)
2. Notochord (supporting rod of tissue
along the back)
3. Hollow nerve tube (runs along the back)

Most chordates have a back bone (Fish,
Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals)

Some chordates do not have a back
bone (Tunicates and Lancelets)
Classes
Fish – live in water, breathe through gills, are
covered by scales, and are cold-blooded
Amphibians – live in moist environment, in
or near water, or on land for short periods, have
thin moist skin, and are cold-blooded
Reptiles –5live
on land, breath through lungs,
Classes
have dry scaly skin, are cold-blooded
Birds – live on land & over H2O, have feathers,
fly, breath through lungs, warm-blooded
Mammals – live on land and in or near water,
have hair, fur, females have mammary glands
that produce milk for young. They lay eggs, or
have pouches, or develop in the mother (live birth).