Transcript Kingdom Animalia pp

Kingdom Animalia
General Characteristics
and
Invertebrates
What is an animal
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Multi-cellular, eukaryotes, heterotrophic
organisms whose cells do not have cell walls
Animals can have no symmetry, radial symmetry
or bilateral symmetry
Animals must be able to take care of the
following to survive
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Feeding, respiration, circulation, excretion, response,
movement, reproduction
Phylum Porifera
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Example: sponge, all species have no symmetry
Feeding: Sponges are ocean organisms and are
attached to the ocean floor. They are filter
feeders, meaning they filter food out of the
water that flows through their bodies
Respiration, Circulation, Excretion: All done by
the flow of water through the body
Response: Have no nervous system but can
protect selves with poisons
Phylum Porifera, Cont.
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Reproduction
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Asexual– budding or gemmules
Sexual– are hermaphrodites and internal
fertilization occurs, sperm from one sponge
swims through the water to fertilize the eggs
of another
Movement– sponges are sessile organisms
Sponges
Phylum Cnidaria
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Jellyfish, coral, hydra
Feeding: carnivores, hunters that paralyze prey
with poison in nematocysts also called
cnidocytes (stinging cells) located on tentacles.
Once paralyzed, prey is pulled into the stomach
(gastrovascular cavity)
Respiration, Circulation and Excretion: done by
the flow of water through the body
Movement: Hydrostatic skeleton (muscles) or
jet propulsion
Phylum Cnidaria, Cont
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Response: Complicated nerve net along
body, concentrated around mouth
Reproduction: Sexual only, two forms of
life (polyp and medusa), external
fertilization
Groups (Classes)– sea anemones and
corals, jellyfish, hydras
Cnidarians
Box Jellyfish
Brain Coral
Most poisonous
creature in the sea
Portuguese Man o
War
Phylum Platyhelminthes
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Flatworms: Planarian, Tapeworm
Feeding: Can be parasites, free- living
carnivores or scavengers
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Two way, one opening digestive tract
(pharynx, mouth and anus all the same place)
Respiration, Circulation and excretion:
Diffusion since the body is flat, flame cells
help to remove liquid waste from the body
Phylum Platyhelminthes, cont
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Response: Simple brain called ganglia
(collection of nerve cells in anterior end), nerve
cords along body, eyespot to detect light
Reproduction:
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Sexual- hermaphrodites
Asexual- fission or regeneration
Movement- Free living move with muscles or
cilia, parasitic worms do not usually move
Flatworms
Planarian
Tapeworm
Blood Fluke
Phylum: Nematoda
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Roundworms: hookworm, ascaris
Movement: Most roundworms are parasitic, so
they don’t move on their own. Some have
muscle systems to push themselves along
Feeding: Parasitic (mostly) so they spend their
lives feeding off of other organisms through
diffusion
Respiration, Circulation, Excretion: Diffusion
across body membranes
Phylum: Nematoda Cont.
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Response: Simple nervous system,
ganglia in anterior end
Reproduction: Sexual reproduction,
internal fertilization. Often, parasitic
worms have complicated life cycles
involving more than one host
Roundworms
Roundworm
Hookworm
Phylum Annelida
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Segmented worms such as leeches and
earthworms
Feeding and Digestion: Complicated system
including crop, gizzard and pharynx. Used in
food storage, crushing and digestion
Circulation: Closed circulatory system with
vessels and five hearts (earthworm)
Respiration: Diffusion, some respire using gills
(aquatic)
Phylum Annelida Cont.
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Excretion: Solid waste through anus, liquid
waste through nephridia (little kidneys)
Response: Well developed nervous
system with a brain and nerve cord
Movement: Complicated muscular
system, marine worms use paddles to
swim
Phylum Annelida, Cont.
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Reproduction: Sexual, most have
separate sexes, some hermaphrodites
Groups: Earthworms, leeches, marine
worms
Segmented Worms
Cute
Earthworm
Bunch of
Earthworms
Leech
Phylum Mollusca
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Soft bodied animals with four basic body
parts, foot, mantle, shell and visceral mass
Feeding: Variety of feeding methods,
carnivore, herbivore, scavenger, parasites
Respiration: gills or diffusion
Circulatory: Open system, blood pools in
cavities called sinuses
Phylum Mollusca Cont.
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Excretion: Nephridia release liquid waste
Response: Nervous systems vary
depending on type of mollusk
Movement: Varies depending on type, but
foot is used for locomotion. Some
mollusks have a foot divided into tentacles
Phylum Mollusca Cont.
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Reproduction: Variety of reproductive
processes. Mostly external fertilization, some
have internal
Groups of Mollusks
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Class: Gastropoda (stomach foot) snails and slugs
Class: Cephlapoda (head foot) octopuses and squid
Class: Bivalves (two shells) clams and oysters,
scallops
Mollusks
Octopus
Electric Flame
Scallop
English Garden
Snail
Phylum Arthropoda
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Means: Jointed foot or leg, examples,
lobster, crab, insect, spider. Have
exoskeleton made of chitin
Growth: Must molt to grow
Feeding: Variety of methods, carnivore,
omnivore, parasite, herbivore
Respiration: Tracheal tubes, spiracles,
book lungs, book gills
Phylum Arthropoda, Cont.
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Circulation: Well developed heart, arteries
and other vessels, open system (includes
sinuses and other cavities)
Excretion: Malpighian Tubules, diffusion
Response: Brain, nerves, well—developed
sense organs (eyes, taste receptors)
Movement: Muscles, wings, legs,
swimmerets, variety of locomotion
Phylum Arthropoda, Cont
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Reproduction: Mostly internal fertilization,
males have a sex organ or deposit a
sperm packet into females
Groups:
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Crustaceans (lobster, crab, shrimp)
Chelicerates (spiders, mites, scorpions)
Insects (most number of animal species,
butterflies, bees, ants)
Class Insecta
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Insects are the largest group of animals
Three part body (head, thorax, abdomen)
Three pairs of legs and other appendages
Complicated sense organs, movement and
social structures
Some insects go through metamorphosis
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Incomplete- grasshopper
Complete- Butterfly
Arthropods
Lobster… Anybody
Hungry???
Black Widow
Spider
Butterfly
Phylum Echinodermata
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Means: Spiny Skin, examples sea star,
sea cucumber, sea urchins
Water vascular system: complicated
system using water to take care of many
body processes
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Contains hundreds of tube feet which use
suction methods powered by water flow
Phylum Echinodermata, Cont.
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Feeding: herbivores. carnivores, scavengers,
filter feeders
Respiration and Circulation: water vascular
system
Excretion: Solid waste released out of the anus,
liquid waste through walls of tube feet by
diffusion
Response: Radial nerve ring, scattered sensory
cells
Phylum Echinodermata, Cont.
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Movement: tube feet, thin muscles, soft joints
Reproduction: External fertilization, bi-lateral
larvae, radial adult
Groups
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Sea Urchins and Sand dollars
Brittle Stars
Sea Cucumbers
Sea Stars
Sea lilies and feather stars
Echinoderms
Red-Lined Sea
Cucumber
Sun Star
Sea Lily