Transcript CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS

CLASSIFICATION
OF ORGANISMS
Scientists assign organisms a
two-word name. (Binomial
nomenclature)
►The
history of this started with
Aristotle over 2,000 years ago.
He grouped plants & animals
together by similar structures.
The science of naming and
classifying organisms is called:
►TAXONOMY
In the 1750’s Swedish biologist,
Carolus Linnaeus invented
binomial nomenclature.
Scientific names must be
UNIVERSAL….
►so
Latin is used… it is a
“dead” language, so it does
not “evolve”.
►Red
oak
►Genus
►Quercus
►Scientific
name
►Quercus
rubra
The system is a seven level
grouping:
1. Kingdom, contains phyla
► 2. Phylum, contains classes
► 3. Class, contains orders
► 4. Order, contains families
► 5. Family, contains genera
► 6. Genus, contains species
► 7. Species, a group of organisms
that can breed
►
Memorize this list!!!!!
►Kings
play chess on fat guys
stomachs.
►Kentucky Plants Can Originate
From Good Soil (-Marcus
Thompson, 2007)
Honey Bees are classified this way:
= Animalia
►Phylum = Arthropoda
►Class = Insecta
►Order = Hymenoptera
►Family = Apidae
►Genus = Apis
►Species = Apis mellifera
►Kingdom
TAXONOMY REVEALS
EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
►Convergent
evolution means that
organisms that live in similar
environments evolve similar
features.
►These similar features are called
analogous characters.
The evolutionary history of a species
is called it phylogeny.
Scientists use Cladistics to build
phylogenies.
►Cladistics is a system of
taxonomy that recognizes
phylogenies by inferring
relationships.
►
Cladogram
2 SYSTEMS FOR CLASSIFYING LIFE!
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
I. = 6-KINGDOM SYSTEM
Animalia
Plantae
Protista
Fungi
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
and....
►II.
= 3-DOMAIN system
►Domain Archaea
►Domain Bacteria
►Domain Eukarya