Transcript Classification Notes

Puma concolor
Chapter 2
Classification
1
• Classification means organizing living
things into groups based on their
similarities.
2
• Scientists classify living and extinct
organisms to make them easier to
study.
3
• Organisms are classified by shared
characteristics and their
relationships between one another.
4
• The levels of classification go from
very general to very specific.
5
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Dumb
King
Phylum
Couldn’t
Order
Fried
Green
Spaghetti
•
Classification for Humans
•
Kingdom
Animalia
•
Phylum
Chordata
•
Class
Mammalia
•
Order
Primates
•
Family
Hominidae
•
Genus
Homo
•
species
sapiens
6
• The science of classifying organisms
is called taxonomy.
7 Taxonomy was founded by Linneaus
in the 1700’s.
– classified things only by their shared
characteristics.
– developed the concept of binomial
nomenclature so scientists speaking and
writing different languages could
communicate clearly.
8
• Modern taxonomists also look at
evolutionary relationships between
animals.
9
A branching diagram can show the
relationship between organisms.
10
Organisms that are more closely related
are closer together on the branching
diagram.
11
• When living things are classified,
they get a scientific name.
• The scientific name is the same
anywhere in the world.
12
• Scientific names are usually Latin or Greek.
• The scientific name is always the Genus and
species name together.
13
• The Genus is always written first and
capitalized.
• The species is second and is always
lowercase.
14
• The scientific name is always italicized
or underlined.
– Ex: Felis domesticus
15
Scientists can use a dichotomous key to
identify unknown organisms.
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia
17
• Bacteria are prokaryotic, meaning they do
not have nuclei.
• All other living things are eukaryotic and
have true nuclei.
18
• Archaebacteria live in extreme environments
(very hot or cold)
• They have been on the earth about 3 billion
years.
• Most bacteria are in kingdom Eubacteria.
• Bacteria are either helpful or harmful living
everywhere on
earth.
Kingdom Protista
19
• Kingdom Protista consists of unicellular &
simple multicellular organisms.
• Protists are organisms that are not plants,
animals or fungi
Kingdom Plantae
20
• Plants are usually green and make food by
photosynthesis
• They are complex, multicellular organisms
Kingdom Fungi
21
They absorb food from their surroundings.
• Fungi are usually multicellular (except
yeast).
22
Kingdom Animalia
Most move around and have nervous systems.
• Animals are complex and multicellular.