Transcript Diversity of Life - Marblehead High School

Diversity of Life
Exploring the vast array of living
organisms on Earth today and in the
past
VIII. Classification
A. Taxonomy - science of classifying
Organisms grouped into taxa
1. Linnaeus - developed a system of classifying
living things
2. Five-Kingdom Classification system
a. Kingdom
i. Animalia
ii. Plantae
iii. Fungi
iv. Protista
v. Monera
Classification
2. Five Kingdom Classification system
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
3. Binomial nomenclature
a.
b.
Two word naming system
Scientific name - Genus species
Example: Homo sapiens
Classification
B. A closer look at the kingdoms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Monera - bacteria, unicellular, prokaryotic
Protista - “catchall kingdom”, unicellular and some
multicellular eukaryotes that do not belong to other
kingdoms
Fungi - eukaryotic, heterotrophic, cell walls
composed of chitin
Plantae - eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic, cell
walls composed of cellulose
Animalia - eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic,
no cell walls
Classification
C. Three domain system is being
constructed
1. Bacteria
2. Archae
3. Eukarya
5 Kingdom System Vs.
3 Domain System
Classification
D. Classification as it relates to evolution
1.
2.
Organisms are grouped according to physical
characteristics and evolutionary relationships
Not all similar looking organisms belong in the
same group
a.
b.
Convergent evolution results in the formation of
analogous structures
Example - sharks and dolphins have similar characteristics,
but they do not share a common ancestor
Origin of Life on Earth
D. Theories on the origin of life
1.
Spontaneous generation - life arises from nonlife
a.
b.
c.
d.
Needham - supported theory
Redi- questioned theory with experiments involving meat
Spallanzani - disproved Needham’s experiments
Pasteur - disproved the theory of spontaneous generation
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/staff/TimLynch/sci_class/chap01/spontaneous.html
2.
3.
Extra-terrestrial
Organic soup - cells developed from the materials
present in Earth’s early atmosphere
a.
b.
Miller and Urey experiment simulated how life could have
begun
Ammonia, water, hydrogen, and methane with a spark of
energy (lightning) formed organic matter (amino acids,etc.)
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Origin of Life on Earth
E. Evolution of life
1. First cells were prokaryotic
2. Endosymbiosis results in formation of first
eukaryotic cells (Protista)
3. Multicellular organisms develop (Fungi,
Plantae, Animalia)