Transcript Slide 1

Living Systems
Chapter Three:
Classifying Living Things
• 3.1 Types of Living Things
• 3.2 Dichotomous Keys
3.1 Types of living things
• Living things are
classified by similar
characteristics.
• Each different type of
organism is called a
species.
• It is estimated that there
are over ten million
different species on Earth.
All of the same kind
of dust mite are
members of a
single species.
3.1 Classifying life
• One system of classification groups all
living things into one of six kingdoms:
• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia
3.1 Classifying life
•
To classify a living thing into one of the
kingdoms, scientists ask 3 questions:
1. Does it have prokaryotic (simple) cells or
eukaryotic (complex) cells?
2. Is it single-celled (one-celled) or
multicellular (many-celled)?
3. Does it get energy by making its own food
(as a producer) or by getting food from other
organisms (as a consumer)?
3.1 Two kingdoms of bacteria
• Bacteria are the simplest
of all living things.
• They are single-celled
organisms and their cells
do not have a nucleus.
Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Some bacteria can
produce their own food.
• Others break down food
and absorb it.
Kingdom Eubacteria
3.1 Protists
• Members of the
Kingdom Protista are
called protists.
• Protists are an odd
group of organisms
because they have
many different
characteristics.
3.1 Fungi
• Fungi are important because they break down
rotting things and return the nutrients to the soil.
• Kingdom Fungi includes the fungi, mushrooms,
molds, and yeasts.
3.1 Plants
• The Kingdom Plantae is made up of multicellular
organisms whose cells have a nucleus.
• In photosynthesis, plants convert energy from
the sun and store it in the form of molecules.
3.1 Animals
• Animals are multicellular organisms with cells that
have a nucleus.
• Beetles, worms, snakes, and birds are classified
into the Kingdom Animalia.
3.1 Plant and Animal kingdoms
compared
3.1 Classifying life
• Taxonomy is the process of identifying
and classifying living things.
• A Swedish scientist and explorer named
Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778) developed
a system of classification in the 1700s.
• There are currently seven levels of
classification.
3.1 Levels of classification
• Organisms with shared characteristics are
grouped together.
• What characteristic do these organisms share?
3.1 Levels of classification
• For animals, the levels of classification
are: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family,
genus, and species.
•At what level are these two animals classified differently?
3.1 Scientific Names
• A scientific name
is the two-part,
scientifically
recognized name
given to an
organism,
consisting of its
genus and species.
3.1 Scientific Names
• You may have a
difficult time
understanding
scientific names
because they are
usually in Latin or
Greek.
• Felis is Latin for “cat”
and domesticus is
Latin for
“domesticated.”