Transcript The Five Kingdoms

The Kingdoms
COS # 6
To classify animals as vertebrates or invertebrates
and as endotherms or ectotherms.
•Describing the organization of cells into tissues,
organs, and organ systems
•Describing the grouping of organisms into
populations, communities, and ecosystems
•Classifying common organisms into kingdoms,
including Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Fungi,
Archaebacteria, and Eubacteria
http://www.perspective.com/nature/biosphere.html
Kingdoms are a way scientists
classify organisms. Many people
still
recognize
a
5-kingdom
classification system…
MONERAN
KINGDOM
ARCHAEBACTERIA
KINGDOM
EUBACTERIA
KINGDOM
However, scientists decided to split the
kingdom once called “Monera” into 2
kingdoms - the Archaebacteria Kingdom
and the Eubacteria Kingdom.
Kingdom
Archaebacteria
http://www.angelfire.com/ks3/eaikins/archaebacteria.html
ARCHAEBACTERIA are found in harsh
environments such as salt lakes, hot
springs, and hydrothermal vents at the
bottom of the ocean.
Kingdom Eubacteria
http://www.angelfire.com/ks3/cschultz/eubacteria.html
Most bacteria are in the EUBACTERIA
kingdom. They are found everywhere and are
the bacteria with which most people are
familiar. There are many methods to classify
bacteria, but the simplest way is according to
their shape.
Sphere-shaped bacteria (cocci)
sometimes grow in chains or in
clumps like a bunch of grapes.
Rod-shaped bacteria (bacilli)
can also form in chains. Some
types of these bacteria also have
whip-like structures called flagella
to help them move around.
Spiral-shaped bacteria (spirilla)
can use their shape to propel
themselves by twisting like a
corkscrew.
http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/2a.asp
Kingdom Protista
Protists are a diverse group of organisms,
comprising those organisms with large cells and
organelles that cannot be classified in any of the
other kingdoms as fungi, animals, or plants.
Protists were traditionally subdivided into several
groups based on similarities to the "higher"
kingdoms.
Flagellates are cells with
whip-like tails. Higher
plants and fungi do not
produce flagellate cells,
but the closely related
green algae do. Many
protists take the form of
single-celled flagellates.
http://science.kennesaw.edu/biophys/biodiversity/protista/protpix.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoeboid
Amoeboids are cells that move or feed by
means of temporary projections.
Many
protists exist as individual amoeboid cells, or
take such a form at some point in their lifecycle.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliate
http://www.gpmatthews.nildram.co.uk/microscopes/pondlife_protozoa02.html
The ciliates are one of the most important
groups of protists found almost everywhere
there is water — lakes, ponds, oceans, and
soils.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apicomplexa
http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/thumbnails/catquery.htm?Kingdom=Protista&phylum=Sporozoa
The Apicomplexa are a large group of
protists that are unicellular, spore-forming,
and exclusively parasites of animals.
Kingdom Fungi
In addition to the beauty of mushrooms,
fungi provide a critical part of nature's
continuous rebirth: fungi recycle dead
organic matter into useful nutrients.
http://www.perspective.com/nature/fungi/
http://www.perspective.com/nature/fungi/
Fungi reproduce by releasing spores from a
fruiting body. The fruit, called a mushroom,
releases spores into the air, and the wind
carries the spores off to start the next
generation.
Safety Tip: Not all fungi are
edible and should never be
picked in the woods to eat.
Kingdom Plantae
Multicellular organisms that produce their
own food primarily by photosynthesis are
members of this kingdom.
Examples:
mosses, ferns, conifers, herbs, elodea,
duckweed, etc.
http://www.perspective.com/nature/plantae/index.html
http://www.perspective.com/nature/plantae/index.htm
l
All plants reproduce through alternating
generations… Nowhere is this more
apparent than in the mosses.
http://www.perspective.com/nature/plantae/index.html
Ferns represent the second major step in
the sophistication of plants. While they
still reproduce by spores like mosses, the
ferns add a vascular system -- i.e.
specialized organs for transporting fluids
throughout the plant.
The gymnosperms add the next level of plant
complexity: they reproduce from seeds instead of
spores. The seeds are not covered by an ovary.
Usually, the seed is produced inside a cone-like
structure such as a pine cone hence the name
"conifer."
http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navcli
ent&ie=UTF-8&rls=DIUS,DIUS:200622,DIUS:en&q=conifer+pictures
http://www.perspective.com/nature/plantae/dicots.html
Angiosperms add the final improvement
to plant reproduction: they grow their
seeds inside an ovary, which is
embedded in a flower.
Plants can be either dicots or
monocots.
http://www.perspective.com/nature/plantae/index.html
Kingdom Animalia
Animals are multicellular organisms that
cannot produce their own food and can move
about in their environment.
Example:
mammals, fish (gambusia and guppies),
reptiles, insects (crickets and isopods), snails,
etc.
http://kids.yahoo.com/animals/
Almost all of the animals of which we
commonly think -- mammals, fish, and birds
are in the Animal Kingdom.
All told, around 800,000 species have
been identified in the Animal Kingdom -most of them in the Arthropod phylum.
http://kids.yahoo.com/animals/
http://www.perspective.com/nature/animalia/index.html
If your animal has jointed legs and no spine,
you can find it in the Arthropoda phylum. This
includes most of the animals we commonly
call "bugs" as well as the crustaceans.
http://www.perspective.com/nature/animalia/index.html
Mollusks are so named because of their
soft bodies. The soft bodies of many of the
110,000 Mollusk species are protected by
a hard shell, however.
There are 6,000 species of spinyskinned animals that are found in tide
pools along the seashore.
http://www.perspective.com/nature/animalia/index.html
http://kids.yahoo.com/animals/
http://www.perspective.com/nature/animalia/index.html
There are some 9,500 species marine
stingers. One of the most familiar types is
the jelly fish.
When classifying organisms, scientists
study a wide range of features,
including those visible to the naked eye,
those detectable only under a
microscope, and those that can be
determined only by chemical tests.
Scientists compare the external shapes
and sizes of organisms as well as the
anatomy and function of internal organs
and organ systems.
/.../ency/fullsize/8710.jpg
www.nlm.nih.gov
www.imcpl.org
/.../images/circulatorysystem.gif
The early stages of an organism’s
development and its behavior are useful in
grouping organisms. Scientists use the
fossil record to learn how certain animals
have changed and adapted through Earth’s
history.
http://www.fossilmuseum.net/EdResources/FishImages.htm
http://www.fossilmuseum.net/EdResources/Insect-Fossils.htm
www.fotosearch.com/.../ammonite-fossil.jpg