Transcript WARM UP 9/18

WARM UP #3 10/13
Name the 8 characteristics all
living things have (from last
class).
DISCUSSION
Tell how each one uses organization: (name
the sections)
a. Grocery store
b. Video store
c. Library
Why do places need to be organized and not
have items just anywhere?
NOTES #2 10/13
CHAPTER 3
Classification
Classify

To put things into groups based on
similarities

TAXONOMY – The science of
classifying living things

olive-backed
forest robin,
was found
during a
biodiversity
expedition in
Gabon.
Scientists know
little more
about S.
pyrrholaeumus
other than it
exists.

Leptotyphlops
carlae was found
in a patch of
forest on the
eastern side of
Barbados. Thin
as a spaghetti
noodle and small
enough to curl up
on a quarter, it's
believed to
embody the
evolutionary limits
of snake
smallness.

Only three
specimens of
Martialis heureka
have been found,
all outside the
Amazon jungle city
of Manaus — but
that's all scientists
needed to trace a
direct evolutionary
lineage to the last
known ancestor of
all living ants, a
subterranean
creature that lived
120 million years
ago.

grey-faced
sengi
Distant
ancestor to
elephants

Myrmeconema
neotropicum
does something
no other parasite
can: mimic fruit.
The abdomens
of infected ants
swell and turn
bright red,
making them
easy targets for
berry-hungry
birds who then
spread M.
neotropicum's
eggs in their
droppings.

Carpomys
melanurus,
or the
greater
dwarf
cloud rat,
found in
the rainforest
treetops of
the
Philippines

Thawed from
ice recovered
two miles
below the
surface of a
120,000-yearold Greenland
glacier, C.
greenlandensi
s appears
unchanged by
its time in
deep-freeze.
14 inches

A fossilized fish,
found in
Western
Australia, is the
oldest known
vertebrate to
give live birth. It
is estimated to
be 380 million
years old and
shows a mother
fish giving birth.
Pictured is an
artist's
impression of
the birth.
Large DIVERSISTY of organisms:
over 10 million organisms on earth!
Nearly 70% of these are insects!
99% of all plant and animal species that have
existed have already become extinct!
Why do we need to
classify in science?
1.
2.
3.
Show similarities between organisms
Show relationships between
organisms
Easier to study and communicate
information about organisms
VOCABULARY
•
•
•
•
Unicellular – one cell
Multicellular – many cells
Heterotroph – eats other things for
food
Autotroph – makes its own food from
sunlight
Prokaryote – cell with no nucleus
 Eukaryote – cell has nucleus

EVERY LIVING THING IS PUT INTO
ONE OF FIVE GROUPS CALLED
KINGDOMS
BASED ON ITS CHARACTERISTICS
VIDEO: 5 kingdoms
DURING THE VIDEO, fill out chart
Go to the back of your
notes to fill out the
chart
KINGDOMS
1. MONERA (eubacteria)
* unicellular
* prokaryote
* most reproduce asexually – splitting
(don’t need a male and a female)
* mostly heterotrophic – (absorb food)
EX: bacteria
OTHER FACTS:

The first living thing on earth was bacteria!

Main importance: to decompose/ break
down dead material

Many can cause diseases: such as typhoid,
cholera, tuberculosis, diphtheria, and
pneumonia
2.
PROTISTA (250,000 species)
* unicellular
* eukaryote
* mostly asexual reproduction
* autotroph or heterotroph
EX: algea, ameoba, paramecium
OTHER FACTS:

Found mostly in water

Importance: used in detergents,
polishes, paint removers, insulators,
fertilizers, deodorizers,
plankton (food for marine animals)
•
One type causes malaria
The next kingdom was added in 1969
3.
FUNGI (100,00)
* mostly multicellular (except yeast)
* eukaryote
* reproduce by spores
* most heterotrophic
(breaks down and absorbs food)
EX: mushrooms, fungus, mold
yeast
FACTS:
Importance: for decomposing dead
organisms, helping plants grow, food,
antibiotic Penicillin
Negative: some can be poisonous, kills
plants (crops), infections such as
athletes foot, spoil food, cause
allergies
Mold is used to make cheese, soy sauce
Yeast for making

Bread and beer and wine
2.
PLANT (350,000)
* multicellular
* eukaryotic with cell walls
* autotrophic
* sexual reproduction - seeds
EX: moss, ferns, grass, trees
FACTS:
IMPORTANCE: oxygen for us to
breathe, food, clothing, shelter,
medicines
ANIMALIA (1,000,000)
* multicellular
* eukaryotic
* heterotrophic
* sexual reproduction
* most complex
EX: horse, dogs, birds, humans, bugs
5.
NEW: 6th kingdom
ARCHAE - archaebacteria
“living fossils” – date back 3.5 billion
years ago
Can live in extreme environments like
volcanic hot springs or acid water
1st living thing bacteria
WARM UP #3 10/6 5
pts
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
List the 5 kingdoms.
Which kingdom(s) is unicellular only?
What do you call a cell that has a
true nucleus?
What do you call an animals that
needs to eat food to survive?
What do the fungi and plant
kingdoms have in common?
EACH OF THE 5 KINGDOMS ARE
BROKEN DOWN INTO SMALLER
GROUPS BASED ON WHAT THE
ORGANISMS HAVE IN COMMON….
LEVELS OF
CLASSIFICATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Kingdom (largest group)
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (smallest group
- all the same type)
Kings
Play
Chess
On
Flat
Game
Surfaces
LESS ORGANISMS IN A GROUP
AS YOU GO DOWN
The lower you go, the more
related the organisms in the
group are because they have
more traits in common
The last two groups, genus and
species make up the scientific
name
Canis lupus
Graptemys geographica
Mephitis mephitis
Bufo Americanus
Loxodonta africana
Ursus americanus
Gorilla gorilla
Panthera leo
Panthera onca
Apis mellifera
The classification of
humans







Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primata
Family: Hominadae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens