Transcript Ch 3 NOTES #2 POWERPOINT

#2 I can compare characteristics
of the 5 kingdoms and
give examples
RATE yourself in the “now” column 1-5
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2)
3)
4)
Grades and notebooks back
REVIEW viruses
Ch 3 notes #2 – classification
Assignment
TODAY 4pm it for report card grades
TOMORROW: QUIZ on the 8
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS
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How it works:
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Hopefully you have the highest grade
possible to get your GPA high!
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Those few people who failed this MP – you
MUST pass the next MP with a “C” or higher
to get credits and not be behind. (will have to
take summer school or still be 9th grader next
year)
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Overall notebooks really good!
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PROBLEMS seen:
- some not having all warm-ups
- many not filling out the Learning Target
Sheet all the way
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SUB: 1st, 2nd hour overall really good
THANK YOU! 
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3 people from 2nd hour will get lunch detention and a
call home.
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*** Remember, if you do not serve your lunch
detention, then it is a suspension (these go on your
record)
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3rd hour – bad report and not much work in.
Yesterday was worth 90 pts. Terrible way to start your
new grades with an E now. Especially since
conferences are 2 weeks away.
1) Examples of viruses?
2) Are viruses alive?
grow - YES and NO
develop –YES and NO
lifespan - YES AND NO
use energy - not them, but HOST does
cells/DNA - cells, not DNA
adaptations -YES
respond - they are not sure
reproduce ** -YES and NO
3) HOW viruses work
Small pox
Early 1900’s
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Means to put things into groups
based on similarities
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TAXONOMY – The science of
classifying living things
Most important trait
taxonomists use
to classify
organisms is their
structure
(their body or
shape)
1. Show similarities between
organisms
2. Show relatedness between
organisms
3. Easier to study and
communicate information
about organisms
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Though taxonomists have
been cataloging plants and
animals for more than 250
years, they still have no
exact answer to the
question, “How many
species are on Earth?”
ESTIMATE:
Over 8 million different
organisms found on Earth
Many say only discovered 10% of
organisms on earth!
Some estimate 100 million!
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We have a large
DIVERSITY
(variety) of
organisms in earth
because of
EVOLUTION!
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70 percent of the world's species are in 12 countries:
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Australia, Brazil, China, Columbia, Ecuador, India,
Indonesia, Madagascar, Mexico, Peru, and Zaire.
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New species of organisms are being
found all the time – look at their traits to
figure out what group they are in, what
they are related to
Average of
740 new
year!
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Leptotyphlops
carlae was found
in a patch of forest
on the eastern
side of Barbados.
Thin as a spaghetti
noodle and small
enough to curl up
on a quarter, it's
believed to
embody the
evolutionary limits
of snake
smallness.
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Only three
specimens of
Martialis heureka
have been found,
all outside the
Amazon jungle city
of Manaus — but
that's all scientists
needed to trace a
direct evolutionary
lineage to the last
known ancestor of
all living ants, a
subterranean
creature that lived
120 million years
ago.
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grey-faced
sengi
Distant ancestor
to elephants
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In 2005, the area was dubbed a "lost world"
after scientists discovered dozens of new
plants and animals in the dense jungle.
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A giant rodent
five times the
size of a common
rat has been
discovered in the
mountainous
jungles of New
Guinea.
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The animal is the
rarest arboreal,
jungle-dwelling
kangaroo in the
world, the
researchers say.
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Carpomys
melanurus,
or the
greater
dwarf
cloud rat,
found in
the rainforest
treetops of
the
Philippines
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Thawed from
ice recovered
two miles
below the
surface of a
120,000-yearold Greenland
glacier, C.
greenlandensis
appears
unchanged by
its time in
deep-freeze.
Need to know some Important vocab words
DO PART 3 and 4 on your sheet
Turn it in today when you are done.
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Unicellular – one cell
Multicellular – many cells
Heterotroph – eats other things for food
(consumers)
Autotroph – makes its own food from
sunlight (producers)
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Prokaryote – cell with no nucleus (like a
brain)
Eukaryote – cell has nucleus
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Asexual - does not need a male and
female to reproduce / usually just splits in
two
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Sexual - needs a male and female to
reproduce
EVERY LIVING THING IS PUT INTO ONE OF
FIVE GROUPS CALLED
KINGDOMS
BASED ON ITS CHARACTERISTICS/ TRAITS
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MONERA
PROTISTA
FUNGI
PLANTAE
ANIMILIA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEk3fvutMc
ARCHAE - archaebacteria
“living fossils” – date back 3.5 billion years
ago
Can live in extreme environments like
volcanic hot springs or acid water
1. MONERA (eubacteria)
*
*
*
*
unicellular
prokaryote
reproduce asexually – splitting
mostly heterotrophic – (absorb food)
EX: bacteria
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The first living thing on earth was bacteria!
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Main importance: to decompose/ break down dead
material
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Many can cause diseases: such as typhoid, cholera,
tuberculosis, diphtheria, and pneumonia
All the bacteria living inside
you would fill a half-gallon
jug; there are 10 times
more bacterial cells in
your body than human
cells, according to Carolyn
Bohach, a microbiologist
at the University of Idaho
There are estimated to be
more than 500 species
living at any one time in
an adult intestine
2.
PROTISTA (250,000 species)
* unicellular
* eukaryote
* mostly asexual reproduction
* autotroph or heterotroph
EX: algea, ameoba, paramecium
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Found mostly in water
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Importance: used in detergents, polishes,
paint removers, insulators, fertilizers,
deodorizers,
plankton (food for marine animals)
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One type causes malaria
The next kingdom was added in 1969
3.
FUNGI (100,00)
* mostly multicellular (except yeast)
* eukaryote
* reproduce asexually and sexually
(spores)
* most heterotrophic (absorbs food)
EX: mushrooms, fungus, mold
yeast
Importance: for decomposing dead organisms,
helping plants grow, food, antibiotic Penicillin
Negative: some can be poisonous, kills plants
(crops), infections such as athletes foot, spoil
food, cause allergies
Mold is used to make cheese, soy sauce
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Bread and beer and wine
2.
PLANT (350,000)
* multicellular
* eukaryotic with cell walls
* autotrophic
* sexual reproduction - seeds
EX: moss, ferns, grass, trees
IMPORTANCE: oxygen for us to breathe, food,
clothing, shelter, medicines
5.
ANIMALIA (1,000,000)
* multicellular
* eukaryotic
* heterotrophic
* sexual reproduction
most complex organisms:
EX: horse, dogs, birds, humans, bugs
1st living thing bacteria
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
List the 5 kingdoms.
Which kingdom(s) is unicellular only?
What do you call a cell that has a true
nucleus?
What do you call an animals that needs to
eat food to survive?
What do the fungi and plant kingdoms have
in common?
EACH OF THE 5 KINGDOMS ARE BROKEN
DOWN INTO SMALLER GROUPS BASED ON
WHAT THE ORGANISMS HAVE IN
COMMON….
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Kingdom (largest group)
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (smallest group all the same type)
Kings
Play
Chess
On
Flat
Game
Surfaces
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Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primata
Family: Hominadae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens
Large DIVERSITY of organisms:
over 10 million organisms on
earth!
Nearly 70% of these are insects
There are many species are so
small you can’t see them without a
microscope
99% of all plant and animal species
that have existed have already
become extinct!