Transcript Chapter 2
Warm-Up: Please have a seat and take your LROD paper out. Write the HW in your planner Learning Goal(s): Explain why scientists classify living things. Agenda: 1. Warm-Up/Review Tonight’s HW 2. Pass back the Chapter 2, Section 1 Quiz 3. Finish class notes/discussion for Section 2.2 4. Complete graphic organizer for Section 2.2 5. Begin working on the Section 2.2 Review and Reinforce • HW: Chapter 2, Section 1 and 2 Test on Wednesday, 9/23 – take some time to study this weekend! WHY DO SCIENTISTS CLASSIFY? • Classification: the process of grouping things based on their similarities • Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study • The scientific study of how living things are classified is called TAXONOMY • Once a scientist classifies an organism, they know a lot more about the organisms • For example…a bird… what do we know?? THE NAMING SYSTEM LINNAEUS • Carl Linnaeus--- botanist, physician, zoologist (1750s) • Linnaeus placed organisms in groups based on observable features • The same classification system is still used today!! • Each organisms got a two-part scientific name = BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE • What does “binomial” mean?! GENUS AND SPECIES • Binomial nomenclature, the two parts of the name are the 1. Genus (genera) 2. Species • What’s the difference? • GENUS: is a classification grouping that contains SIMILAR, closely related organisms. • Example: pumas, jaguar, tiger, house cats (genus: Felis) • SPECIES: is a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce • Example: the name includes where it lives or its appearance BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE RULES • A complete scientific name is written in italics • Only the first letter of the first word is CAPITALIZED • Genus species (Correct way to write it!) RIGHT!!! Felis Concolor (Puma) WRONG!!! Carcharodon carcharias (Great White Shark) caretta caretta (Loggerhead Turtle) WRONG!!! WHY BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE? • Easy for scientists to communicate • Written in one language, LATIN (language scientists used at that time) • Scientists around the world use the same name for the same organism • Example--- We call this animal a woodchuck, groundhog, or whistlepig… why not give it one universal name? Marmota monax LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION • There are 8 levels of classification • BROAD >>>>>> MORE SPECIFIC • The more classification levels that two organisms share, the more characteristics they have in common. (page 46) HOW AM I GOING TO REMEMBER THE LEVELS IN ORDER? Did King Phillip Come Over For Good Spaghetti? DOMAINS AND KINGDOMS • Three domains: BACTERIA, ARCHAE, EUKARYA • Organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on • CELL TYPE • THEIR ABILITY TO MAKE FOOD • NUMBER OF CELLS IN THEIR BODIES BACTERIA • Are all around you! • Can be both autotrophic or heterotrophic • Prokaryotes • Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus, therefore the nucleic acids float in the cell • What is a NUCLEUS? • Dense area in a cell that contains nucleic acids • Compare it to a captain of a team ARCHAE • Found in EXTREME environments • Examples: hot springs, very salty water, swamps, and intestines of cows • Can be both autotrophic or heterotrophic • Unicellular prokaryotes (similar to bacteria) • Archae means “ancient” • Similar conditions of ancient Earth Dead Sea DOMAIN EUKARYA • Eukaryotes: Organisms with cells that contain nuclei 1. Protists 2. Fungi 3. Plants 4. Animals PROTISTS • Can be both autotroph OR heterotroph • Can be both unicellular OR multicellular (seaweeds) • “odds and ends” FUNGI • Mushrooms, mildew, and molds • Can be both multicellular OR unicellular (yeast for breads) • ONLY HETEROTROPHS PLANTS • All MULTICELLULAR EUKARYOTES, AUTOTROPHS • Plants provide food for most of the heterotrophs on land Animals • All multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophs