Transcript ch18sec1_2014 Kearns

Classification of Living
Things
Chapter 18
REMEMBER
BIODIVERSITY
______________
total of all the living things in an ecosystem
SPECIES
___________
population of organisms that share similar
characteristics and can breed with each other
Biologists have identified and named
1.5 million
over______________
species so far.
Estimates = between 2-100 million
species yet be discovered
WHY CLASSIFY?
Identifies and names organisms
Groups organisms in a logical manner
TAXONOMY
_______________ =
branch of biology that
names and groups organisms
Naming and organizing animals
into groups with biological
significance helps make sense
of relationships.
BIRD . . . ?
An animal with feathers
A good classification system:
places organisms in a group with
other organisms that are
similar
A good classification system:
UNIQUE
Uses names that are _________
CHANGE as new data is discovered
Can _____
RELATIONSHIPS
Shows _____________
of organisms
(300 B.C.)
The first person to
group or classify
organisms was the
Greek teacher &
philosopher
ARISTOTLE
_______________
more than 2000
years ago.
Aristotle’s system
PLANTS:
Based on
size of stem
ANIMALS:
Based on
where they lived
Common names can vary
Example:
puma,
catamount,
mountain lion,
cougar
. . . are all names
for same animal
By using a universally accepted scientific name,
scientists can be sure they are discussing
the same organism
Common names vary
Chipmunk
Streifenhornchen (German)
Tamia (Italian)
Ardilla listada (Spanish)
Common names can be misleading
Ex:
A jellyFISH isn’t a fish,
but a seaHORSE is!
Sea cucumber
sounds like a plant
but… it’s an animal!
Common names can be misleading
In the United Kingdom,
BUZZARD refers to a hawk
In the United States,
BUZZARD refers to a
vulture.
By mid 19th century,
scientists recognized that
using common names was
confusing.
Scientists agreed to use
____________
Latin and Greek to give a
single name to each
species.
EXAMPLE: RED OAK
Quercus foliis obtuse-sinuatis setaceo-mucronatis
“oak with deeply divided leaves with deep blunt lobes
bearing hair-like bristles”
PROBLEMS:
Names too hard and long to remember!
Different scientists described different
characteristics.
Carolus Linnaeus comes
to the rescue!
Swedish botanist who
devised a new
classification system
This system is still used
today!
(1707-1778)
Linnaeus’s System
Organisms are grouped in a
hierarchy of 7 different
taxonomic levels
TAXONS
OR ____________
Each organism has a two part
scientific name
= BINOMIAL
_________________________
NOMENCLATURE
Kidspiration by Riedell
Source: see end of show
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Kids
Prefer
Cheese
Over
Fried
Green
Spinach
For Example….
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Carnivora
Family Felidae
Genus Panthera
Species leo
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
(2-name naming system)
1st name = _______________
GENUS NAME
– Always capitalized
2nd name = _________________
SPECIES NAME
–Always lower case
UNDERLINED or
Both names are ______________
ITALICS
written in ____________.
GENUS = group of closely related
species
GENUS = Ursus (Includes many kinds of bears)
Ursus
arctos
Ursus
maritimus
Ursus
americanis
SPECIES = unique to each kind of bear
Binomial nomenclature
Humans
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens