Transcript First Five
Answer these two questions:
1. Why would Washington warn against political
parties and entangling alliances? Think about the
possible dangers of each.
2. If you were back in the 1790s, which party would you
be for; the Federalists or the Republicans? Why? Think
about which philosophies you agree with.
John Adams (Federalist) vs Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-
Republican)
Federalist
From Massachusetts
Lawyer—Harvard
Vice President under
Washington
President 1796-1800
• French angry over Jay’s Treaty
• French continued to seize ships
• Sent 3 delegates over to Paris to negotiate
• Delegates were to meet with French foreign minister
Talleyrand Instead met with three low level
officials (XYZ)
• XYZ tried to force American officials to pay $250,000
• American’s outraged with French
• US began to build a navy seize French ships
Anti-French sentiment continues Americans think
French agents are everywhere.
This leads to the passage of the Alien and Sedition
Acts
Alien Acts
Sedition Acts
Raised Residence
Government could jail
requirement to become a
citizen from 5 years to 14
years
President could deport
or jail any alien
considered undesirable
and fine anyone who
expresses “false,
scandalous, and
malicious statements
against the government.”
Write down on your index card:
Do you think the Alien and Sedition Acts were
constitutional? Why or why not?
Think about what they prohibit
What amendment or right does this possibly break?
Jefferson and Madison strongly disagreed with the
Alien and Sedition Acts
Passed resolutions that were approved in KY and VA
Stated that the Acts should be nullified
VA and KY stated that they had the right to declare
null and void federal laws that broke the Constitution
Thomas Jefferson-
John Adams-Federalist
DemocraticRepublican
Supported by poor
farmers
Favored Popular
Democracy & States’
Rights
Supported by wealthy
Supported strong Fed
Gov’t
From Virginia
Monticello
Anti-Federalist
Main Author of the
Declaration of
Independence
Vice President under
Adams
Third President of the
United States
Adams passes the Judiciary Act of 1801: increases
Supreme Court Judges to 16
Adams fills these positions the night before he leaves
office “midnight judges”
Marbury was one
Jefferson states that since the papers had not been
delivered the appointments were invalid
Marbury sued Sec of State Madison for not following
the Judiciary Act
Chief Justice Marshall declares the Judiciary Act is
Unconstitutional
Establishes the Power of Judicial Review
The ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of
Congress unconstitutional
Constitutional: are those laws consistent with what it
says in the Constitution
Establishment of Judicial Review expands the Supreme
Court’s power and the federal government’s power
Election of 1800
Thomas
JeffersonDemocraticRepublican
Supported by poor
farmers
Favored Popular
Democracy &
States’ Rights
John
AdamsFederalist
Supported by
wealthy
Supported strong
Fed Gov’t
Thomas Jefferson
From Virginia
Monticello
Anti-Federalist
Main Author of the
Declaration of
Independence
Vice President under
Adams
Third President of the
United States
Marbury vs Madison
Adams
passes the Judiciary Act of 1801:
increases Supreme Court Judges to 16
Adams fills these positions the night before
he leaves office “midnight judges”
Marbury was one
Jefferson states that since the papers had
not been delivered the appointments
were invalid
Marbury vs. Madison
Marbury
sued Sec of State Madison for
not following the Judiciary Act
Chief Justice Marshall declares the
Judiciary Act is Unconstitutional
Establishes the Power of Judicial Review
Judicial Review
The
ability of the Supreme Court to
declare an act of Congress
unconstitutional
Constitutional: are those laws consistent
with what it says in the Constitution
Establishment of Judicial Review expands
the Supreme Court’s power and the
federal government’s power
Marshall Court
McCulloch
vs Maryland
Issue: Do states have the right to tax a
federal agency?
Decision:
No, states cannot tax a federal agency
Rule Bank of US constitutional
Strengthens federal power
Marshall Court
Gibbons
vs Ogden
Issue: Whether the New York law that
prohibited vessels (ships) licensed by the
US from navigating the waters of New
York was unconstitutional and therefore
void.
Decision:
Only Congress has the power to regulate
interstate trade
Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana Purchase
Bought
in 1803
from France
Doubles the land
in the US
Expands
presidential
power
Lewis and Clark
Sent
to explore the new territory
Take down information and data on land,
plants and animals
Embargo of 1807
Britain
is blockading France by sea to hurt
trade seize 1,000 American Ships
Impress American Sailors (kidnap and
force American sailors to fight in British
Navy)
Jefferson declares an embargo ban on
exporting goods to other countries
Goal: to hurt Britain and other European
powers economically
Result: Hurts Americans more
Embargo lifted in 1809