Transcript Foreign Policy Issues

FOREIGN POLICY ISSUES
Chapter 2, Section 2
CONFLICT IN THE OHIO VALLEY
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After the Revolutionary War, the Treaty of
Paris 1783 created new land borders for the
United States.
Hoping to stop the push of Americans
westward, the British began arming Native
American tribes in the Northwest Territory.
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Leaders such as Little Turtle of the Miami Indians used
these weapons to suppress American forces.
At the Battle of Fallen Timbers, Native
Americans were forced to concede much of the
Northwest Territory to the American
government.
AMERICAN RELATIONS WITH EUROPE
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The split between Federalists and
Democratic-Republicans grew over the
French Revolution.
Democratic-Republicans saw the French as fellow
supporters of republican ideals, and supported their
efforts to overthrow the monarchy.
 However, when the French rebels waged war on all
European monarchies, including Britain, the
Federalists saw the Revolution as anarchy—and
feared the same.
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AMERICAN RELATIONS IN EUROPE
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In 1793, the French Revolution was in full
swing. However, both sides saw the necessity
in the United States remaining neutral. What
were the two reasons?
The United States could not afford ($$$) to get
involved in a war.
 90% of U.S. revenue came from tariffs on goods
imported from Britain.
 Once again, Washington set a precedent: the United
States remained neutral in European affairs until WWI.
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RELATIONS WITH EUROPE
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In 1794, Washington sent Chief Justice John
Jay to Britain to negotiate a compromise.
What were the two stipulations of the Jay
Treaty?
British would give up forts in the Northwest
Territory
 US had to pay off all pre-war debts
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In order to gain access to the Mississippi
River, the United States signed a treaty with
Spain. What were the stipulations of
Pinckney’s Treaty?
U.S. would gain access to the Mississippi and New
Orleans
 The Spanish would get an established northern
border to Florida.
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PARTIES DEBATE FOREIGN POLICY
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In the election of 1796, John Adams faced off
against Thomas Jefferson. The nation divided
along regional lines. John Adams narrowly won.
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Who became his vice president? Thomas Jefferson
Adams’ administration was seen as weak by many
individuals, including Alexander Hamilton.
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His administration was tested early when the French felt
betrayal over the Jay Treaty.
In response, the French seized American merchant ships
and Adams sent negotiators to Paris.
 In what became known as the XYZ Affair, French officials
demanded $250,000 in bribes and humiliating terms for the
U.S.
 This incident spurred anti-French sentiment and allowed
Congress to pass taxes to raise revenue for army expansion.
PARTIES DEBATE FOREIGN POLICY
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This sentiment also allowed Congress to
pass the Alien and Sedition Acts in
1798.
The Alien Act allowed the federal government to
deport immigrants who criticized the government.
 The Sedition Act made it a crime for citizens to
publicly discredit the gov.
 How did each of these target DemocraticRepublicans?
- Immigrants were most likely to support DemReps.
- Dem-Reps citizens were more likely to be
speaking out against the Federalist gov.
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THE PARTIES DEBATE FOREIGN POLICY
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In response to these Acts, two southern
states, Virginia and Kentucky passed
resolutions declaring the Sedition Act
unconstitutional.
This alluded to the idea that the states had the power
to nullify federal laws.
 However, no other states adopted similar resolutions.
The election of 1800 would determine the outcome of
the nation.
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THE ELECTION OF 1800
Angered by his administration, Adams lost much of
the Federalist support he had in the election of
1796.
 Thomas Jefferson ran for president and had
intended for Aaron Burr to be the vice-president.
What happened? They tied in electoral votes
 What role did Hamilton play in the electoral
process?
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Hamilton preferred Jefferson to Burr so he persuaded
more people to vote for Jefferson.
The constitution added the 12th amendment to
prevent it from happening again.
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Angered by Hamilton’s decision, Burr killed him in a duel in
1804.