Transcript Washington Heads a New Government

Chapter 6
1st political cartoon
Problem
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You are the first president of the United States, what do
you do? Who do you surround yourself with? Why do you
choose these people?
What kind of role do you have?
George Washington
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1st President
General
Set up federal judicial system by passing Judiciary Act of
1789
Precedents
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Cabinet
Thomas Jefferson-Sec of State
Hamilton-Sec of Treasury
Knox-Sec of War
Randolph-Attorney General
Osgood-Postmaster
2 terms
Neutrality
Name Calling
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Before the term president was established, they didn’t
know what to call the Executive Branch Leader.
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What would you suggest?
Precedents
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One of Washington's first decisions was the title of the
President. Congress, led by Vice President John Adams,
had debated many titles. One possibility was "Hi Highness,
the President of the United States and the Protector of
the Rights and Liberties of the Same." Another was "His
Highness, President of the United States and Protector of
their Liberties." Shorter versions included "His Highness"
and "His High Mightiness." Washington finally decided on
the simple "Mr. President."
Good moves
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Appointing Hamilton and Jefferson good move since they
were opposites
Problems since economy was a disaster
Debt from war
Jefferson
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Didn’t want a strong National government
Thought it was unconstitutional to have national bank
Economy based on farming
Feared an absolute ruler
Hamilton
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Wanted a strong national government
Thought the bank was constitutional
Economy based on shipping and manufacturing
Feared mob rule
Similarities
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Washington’s cabinet
Great thinkers
Went to college
Lawyers
Served in government
Pay off national debt
Father’s died at early age
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Vision to push on
Americans
Good writers
Died in July
Patterns
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Where they lived
education
lack of father figures
fear
Conclusion
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Both shaped the U.S.
The fix
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Hamilton in charge of fixing economy
Issue bonds and impose tariffs
Federal government pay off state debts as well
National bank
Funded by federal government and private investors
The controversy
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Jefferson hates the plan
Leads to the birth of political parties
Executive branch can enforce the law by putting down the
Whiskey Rebellion
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Tax spirits and liquor
State’s and Jefferson don’t like it
Martial Law in effect
Foreign Affairs trouble the nation
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French Revolution turned into a war with Britain
France expected help
Washington kept America NEUTRAL
Pinckney’s treaty with Spain
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Friendship
Defined boundaries
Florida
Jay’s Treaty with Great Britain
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Averted another war
Foreign Affairs trouble the nation
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Washington tired and hurt by criticism, doesn’t run
Adams second president
Adams keeps the U.S. neutral
Avoids war with France after XYZ affair
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3 men met with American’s and demanded a 10 million dollar
bribe to begin negotiations, US refused.
Americans mad, “He that is not for us, is against us”
Adams had passed Alien and Sedition acts to try to
silence his critics, and is not re elected
New Immigration Laws
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As a new country, how do you set up immigration laws?
Who is an immigrant?
What dangers are there having open borders?
Alien and Sedition Acts
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The first law, the Naturalization Act, extended the time
immigrants had to live in the United States to become
citizens from five to 14 years. Since most immigrants
favored the Republicans, delaying their citizenship would
slow the growth of Jefferson's party.
The Alien Enemies Act provided that once war had been
declared, all male citizens of an enemy nation could be
arrested, detained, and deported. If war had broken out,
this act could have expelled many of the estimated 25,000
French citizens then living in the United States. But the
country did not go to war, and the law was never used.
Jefferson alters the Nation’s Course
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Thomas Jefferson elected 3rd in 1800
Style is different
Marbury v Madison established judicial review
Louisiana purchase doubles the size of the U.S.
15 million from France
Lewis and Clark
War of 1812
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U.S. versus Great Britain
Causes: Impressment of American sailors
Native Americans on frontier given weapons to attack
War Hawks demand war
British blockades and win at Fort Dearborn, and
Washington D.C. where White House was burned down
Fort Henry 1814
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Star Spangled Banner written
Francis Scott Key and Skinner
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Made National Anthem in 1931
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Original Poem
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O, say can you see, by the dawn's early light,
What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last gleaming
As the mist started to clear he was aware that there was
a flag flying - but was it the British flag? It was difficult to
tell:
What is that which the breeze o'er the towering steep,
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?
But finally the sun rose, and with intense relief and pride
he saw that the fort had withstood the onslaught ...
'Tis the star-spangled banner - O long may it wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.
War of 1812
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Jackson led forces to victory in west
Battle of New Orleans
Treaty of Ghent officially ended War of 1812