Transcript Chapter 1 -Section 4

CHAPTER 1: SECTION 4
THE NEW REPUBLIC
THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2014
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2014
WARM-UP (9-11-14)
As we remember the 13th anniversary
of the 9/11 attacks…
Do you remember where you were
on 9/11/2001? Did you understand
what was happening? What was
going through your mind?
WARM-UP (9-12-14)
In chronological order (no need for dates)
list KEY events that have taken place in
chapter 1 so far.
Hint- start with Columbus sails to the
Americas and end with Washington
becomes president
Don’t use notes, the book or the internetlet’s see how much you remember about
the story 
CHAPTER 1 TIMELINE
1. 1215- King John signs the Magna Carta
2. 1492- Columbus sails to the Americas
3. 1607- Jamestown (1st successful colony) is established in
Virginia.
4. 1620- Puritans land in Plymouth and sign the Mayflower
Compact
5. 1689- English Bill of Rights signed by King William and
Queen Mary
6. 1700s- Enlightenment in Europe
7. 1740s- Great Awakening
CHAPTER 1 TIMELINE
1. 1689-1763- British and French fought in a series of wars
2. 1754- 1763- French and Indian War
3. British begin to tax the colonies to pay the war debt and place
tighter trade regulations on colonies.
4. US boycotts British goods (don’t want to pay taxes)
5. 1774- First Continental Congress- convention where
colonists asked British to stop taxing them- they refused
6. 1775-1781-American Revolution
7. 1776- Jefferson drafts the Declaration of Independence.
8. 1783- War is over and Treaty of Paris is signed.
CHAPTER 1 TIMELINE
1. 1781- Articles of Confederation
2. 1785 and 1787- Land & Northwest Ordinance
3. 1786- Shays’ Rebellion in Massachusetts
4. 1787- Constitutional Convention in Philly
1.
2.
3.
4.
New Jersey Plan
Virginia Plan
Great Compromise
3/5th Clause
CHAPTER 1 TIMELINE
1. 1788- United States Constitution ratified
2. 1789- 10 constitutional amendments approved by
Congress- The Bill of Rights
3. 1789- Washington becomes president
Objectives
• Discuss the structure of the federal government
and the emergence of political parties.
• Explore the major foreign-policy issues that
confronted the United States.
• Describe the growing differences between the
North and the South.
Terms and People
•
Alien Act − Federalist law meant to make it more difficult
for immigrants to become citizens
•
Sedition Act − Federalist law meant to stop criticism of
President Adams’s policies by Democratic Republicans
•
judicial review − power of the court to declare an act of
Congress or the President unconstitutional
•
Louisiana Purchase − large territory purchased from
France in 1803, doubling the size of the U.S.
Terms and People (Continued)
•
impressment − British practice of “pressing” or forcing
American sailors into the British navy
•
embargo − suspension of trade
•
cotton gin − invention by Eli Whitney to separate cotton
fibers from shells, made slavery more profitable in the South
•
Monroe Doctrine − U.S. policy barring European
interference in the Americas
How did the United States and its
government change in the late 1700s and
early 1800s?
Both internal political issues and international
affairs tested the new nation. Despite these
challenges, the United States grew.
But with growth came economic, political, and
social issues that began to divide the North and
the South.
In 1789, George
Washington took
office as the first
President of the
United States.
Left to right: Washington,
Adams, and Jefferson
The future of the nation depended on
his ability to lead.
Washington proved
an excellent choice.
He selected a skilled
Cabinet, including
Alexander Hamilton
and Thomas Jefferson.
Hamilton
proposed an
economic plan
that included a
national bank.
Hamilton’s Goals
• Hamilton wanted to develop a commercial and industrial
economy with a strong army and navy
• Wanted to pay off national war debt by issuing
government bonds, which paid interests to bondholders.
• To pay interests, he proposed new taxes on goods.
• The debt had to be managed, so that is where Congress
comes into play….Congress was asked to charter a Bank
of the US with the power to regulate state banks.
Opponents criticized Hamilton’s broad
interpretation of the Constitution.
Federalists believed
the Constitution
empowered Congress
to enact laws for the
“general welfare.”
They were loose
constructionists.
Democratic
Republicans wanted to
limit the federal
government only to
powers stated in the
Constitution. They
were strict
constructionists.
American loyalties were split by
the French Revolution and the resulting war
between France and Britain.
• Democratic Republicans sympathized with the
French, while Federalists favored Britain.
• Despite U.S. neutrality, American ships were seized by
the British for trading with the French.
• In 1794 Washington sent John Jay to negotiate with
Britain.
• Jay’s Treaty avoided war but the Democratic
Republicans cried foul- they said it was a sell out.
GREAT STRIDES AT HOME
• Issues with the Indian in the Ohio County
• General Anthony Wayne won a fundamental
victory at Fallen Timbers.
• Pinckney's Treaty
• Treaty led by Thomas Pinckney with the Spanish
• Allowed Americans to export their produce
through New Orleans.
In 1796 John
Adams was
elected the second
President.
He faced
challenges from
France.
• American merchant
ships were seized.
• French officials
demanded bribes.
• Full-scale naval
war erupted.
The Federalists exploited the crisis by passing two laws
aimed at their opponents.
1. The Alien Act allowed the deportation of pro-French
immigrants who criticized the government.
2. The Sedition Act made it a crime to publicly discredit
Federal leaders.
Unpopular laws led to the decline of the Federalists.
Thomas Jefferson defeated Adams
in the election of 1800.
• The election set a precedent for the peaceful
transfer of power based on voting.
• Jefferson and the Democratic Republicans
eliminated unpopular taxes, cut expenses,
and reduced the national debt.
Jefferson’s policies
to limit federal
power, however,
were checked by
Chief Justice John
Marshall.
In Marbury v. Madison
the Supreme Court
asserted judicial
review, the power to
decide the
constitutionality of
acts of Congress or
the President.
In 1803 Jefferson obtained the huge Louisiana
Purchase from French ruler Napoleon Bonaparte.
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
explored the new territory.
Britain resumed
seizing U.S. ships
trading with
France and
allowed for the
impressment of
U.S. sailors.
•
Jefferson persuaded
Congress to declare a
trade embargo.
•
He hoped the lack of
trade would hurt
Britain. It hurt
Americans more.
•
The unsuccessful
embargo was lifted
in 1809.
In 1809, Democratic Republican James
Madison succeeded Jefferson as President.
• In 1812 the United States went to war with
Britain.
• The Americans failed to take Canada and
the British burned Washington, D.C.
• The war ended with an 1814 peace treaty.
War set the
North on a
different path
from the South
Northerners built
factories during the
War of 1812 .
These attracted
European immigrants
and promoted urban
growth.
Southern states remained agricultural and
dependent on enslaved labor.
• Eli Whitney’s invention of the
cotton gin made slavery more
profitable for southern planters.
• Plantations expanded−and forced
more slaves to work−to provide
cotton for northern textile mills.
In 1823,
President
James
Monroe
issued the
Monroe
Doctrine.
• It stated European
monarchies had no
business meddling with
American republics.
• The United States,
similarly, would stay out
of European affairs.
HOMEWORK!
Chapter 1 Assessment on page 30 #1-5 & #10-18
Don’t forget…Chapter 1 Exam on Tuesday!
Study this weekend!!
TICKET OUT THE DOOR
Why did Jay’s Treaty
offend France?