Transcript SEED 394 Lesson2 PowerPointx

Chapter 9, Section 3
 First President of the
United States
 Served from 1789 – 1797
 1796, Washington
decides to leave the U.S.
Presidency after two
terms
 Establishes a precedent
for Presidential term
limits
 Farewell Address
 “Let me now…warn you…against the
[harmful] effects of the spirit of party…This
spirit, unfortunately, exists in different
shapes in all governments…but in those of
the popular form, it is seen in its greatest
rankness and is truly their worst.”
 “The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is…to
have with them as little political connection as possible…Our
detached and distant situation invites and enables us to pursue a
different course…we may take such an attitude as…neutrality…[and]
steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign
world.”
 Political party  group of people
that tries to promote its ideas and
influence government
 Typically back candidates for
political office
 The nation’s first political parties
resulted over disagreements on
foreign and domestic policy.
 Political parties started to come to
prominence during Washington's
first term in office
Federalists
Democratic-Republicans
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
Strong national government
Limited national government
Fear of mob rule
Fear of rule by one person or powerful
few
Loose interpretation of the
Constitution
Strict interpretation of the
Constitution
Favored national bank
Opposed national bank
Economy based on
manufacturing/shipping
Economy based on farming
Supporters: lawyers, merchants,
manufacturers, clergy
Supporters: farmers, workers
 Presidential Election of 1976
 First election in which political parties
competed
 Two candidates
 Federalist candidate  John Adams
 Leader during the American Revolution and
the Continental Congress
 Diplomat in France, Netherlands and Britain
prior to serving with Washington
 Served as Vice President during George
Washington’s Presidency
 Democratic-Republican candidate  Thomas
Jefferson
 Farmer, diplomat and principal author of the
Declaration of Independence
 Served as Secretary of State during George
Washington’s Presidency
 Electoral college
 Adam received 71 electoral votes
 Jefferson received 68 votes
 The Constitution stated the runner-up should become
vice president
 Adams became the 2nd President of the U.S. in 1797
 Jefferson sworn in as Adams’ Vice President
 1797, Britain and France still
at war
 French began to seizing U.S.
ships to prevent them from
trading with the British
 Adams wanted to avoid war
with France and hoped
peace talks would be
effective
 Sent: Charles Pinckney,
Elbridge Gerry and John
Marshall
 U.S. Delegates waited for weeks in Paris to have a
meeting with the French minister of foreign affairs
 At one point, three French agents – referred to as X, Y,
and Z – took the delegation aside and informed them
that the minister was willing to talk
 However, the talks would only occur if the Americans
agreed to loan France $10 million and to pay the minister
a bride of $250,000.
 The American delegation refused
 XYZ Affair prompted Congress to cancel its treaties
with France and allow U.S. Ships to seize French
vessels
 Many Democratic-Republicans were sympathetic of
France and considered Adams response to France to be
tyrannical
 One Democratic –Republican newspaper called Adams
‘the blasted tyrant of America’
 Adams was angered by the criticism – he blamed the
Democratic-Republican newspapers and new
immigrants
 Pushed the Federalist Congress to pass the Alien and
Sedition Acts of 1978.
 Passed in 1798, the Alien and Sedition acts were a series of
four laws that were mean to reduce the political power of
recent immigrants to the United States.
 Naturalization Act – increased the waiting period for
becoming a U.S. citizen from 5 to 14 years
 Alien Act – gave authorization to the President to deport
aliens “dangerous to the peace and safety of the United
States” during peacetime
 Alien Enemies Act – during wartime, allowed the arrest,
imprisonment and deportation of any alien subject
 Sedition Act – outlawed sedition, saying and writing anything
false or harmful about the government
 The acts allowed Federalists to clamp down on the freedom of speech
and the press
 About 25 Democratic-Republican newspaper editors were charged and
arrest under the Sedition Act
 Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
 Written by the Democratic-Republicans in response to the Alien and
Sedition Acts
 Declared that the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the Constitution
 Found in the theory known as states’ right
 Kentucky Resolution
 Written by Thomas Jefferson
 Proposed nullification
 Virginia Resolution
 Written by James Madison
 Stated that a state could interpose, or place, itself between the federal
government and its citizens
 No other states supported the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions
 Convention of 1800, Adams reopened peace talks with
France
 Signed an agreement to stop naval attacks
 Adam’s actions made him enemies among the Federalist
 Adam’s lost the president election of 1800 to Thomas
Jefferson