Transcript THE PRESIDENTS - Germantown Middle / Overview

EARLY
AMERICAN
PRESIDENTS
George Washington
• 1789-1797
• No Political
Party
• VP – John
Adams
George Washington
• Was not a
Politician
• Relied on His
Cabinet for
Help
Alexander Hamilton
• Secretary of
Treasury
– Raised taxes to
cover debt from
Revolutionary
War
– Created 1st
National Bank
to hold all tax
money
Alexander Hamilton
• Secretary of
Treasury
–The bank
upset those
who feared a
strong national
gov’t (AntiFederalists)
Jay’s Treaty
• Allowed Great
Britain to keep
some military forts
in US in NW
territories
• First time
Americans became
upset with George
Washington
Political Parties
Began to emerge during
Washington’s Presidency
John Adams
• 1797 – 1801
• Federalist
• VP –
Thomas
Jefferson
John Adams
• XYZ Affair
–America
refused to
bribe French
officials to stop
piracy of US
Ships
John Adams
• Alien &Sedition
Act
– illegal to criticize
gov’t officials w/o
proof
– Upset Dem-Rep
cause violated
First Amendment
Thomas Jefferson
• 1801-1809
• Democratic–
Republican
• Aaron Burr,
George
Clinton
Thomas Jefferson
• Election of 1800
– First Peaceful
Transfer of
Power
• TJ’s Goal
– Reduce the role
and size of
federal
government
Thomas Jefferson
• Embargo Act
–Eliminated
trade with
foreign
countries in
Europe due
to piracy
Supreme Court
• Under
Jefferson,
Supreme Court
sought to
establish its
power in the
new gov’t
Thomas Jefferson
• Marbury vs.
Madison
–Established
Judicial
Review for all
court cases in
US
Supreme Court
• Chief Justice
John Marshall
• Marbury vs
Madison gave
court judicial
review
Supreme Court
• McCullough vs
Maryland
prohibited
states from
taxing
agencies of the
federal gov’t
James Madison
• 1809-1817
• DemocraticRepublican
• Eldridge
Gary
War of 1812
• 1812-1814
• Fought between
US and Great
Britain over
freedom of the
Sea and Native
American
Conflicts
War of 1812
•Extremely
unpopular
war on
both sides
Treaty of Ghent
• Officially ended
War
• Neutral victory
• America gained
Oregon Territory
• Americans
began to move
into FL (Spanish
Territory)
James Monroe
• 1817 – 1825
• National
Republican
• VP - Daniel
Tompkins
James Monroe
• Wanted
Europe to stay
out of US
Affairs
• Created a rise
in Nationalism
in America
James Monroe
• Adams-Onis
Treaty
–US acquired
the Florida
Territory from
Spain
Monroe Doctrine
• Created to keep
Europe out of the
affairs of
America
• It had four major
provisions
(essential
Knowledge)
MONROE DOCTRINE
• The American continents should
not be considered for future
colonization by any European
powers.
• Nations in the Western
Hemisphere were inherently
different from those of Europe,
republics by nature rather than
monarchies.
MONROE DOCTRINE
• The United States would regard
as a threat to its own peace and
safety any attempt by European
powers to impose their system on
any independent state in the
Western Hemisphere.
• The United States would not
interfere in European affairs.