Transcript federalist era - Brookwood High School

“FEDERALIST ERA”
“A New
Nation”
-Washington
-Adams
Answer These Questions ( 5 Minutes) NAME
From the RESEARCH TOPICS from FRIDAY
10/5/09
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Who was Washington’s Sec. of Treasury? Period __
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What new tax was introduced to affect the frontier
farmers west of the Appalachian Mountains?
What rebellion will be the 1st TEST of the new
Constitutional Government?
What city will be built as a Compromise between
the northern and southern states?
Which politician will express Loose views of
interpreting the Constitution?
Which politician will express Strict views of
interpreting the Constitution?
What did Washington ask us NOT to do in his
Farewell Address?
“FEDERALIST ERA”
Ch.6
“A New
Nation”
The New Government
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George Washington –CREATES the MODEL
Sets early “Precedents – Traditions”
– Oct. 3, 1789 Thanksgiving Proclamation
– Thursday Nov. 26
• National Day of Prayer and Thanksgiving
– Formal Ceremonies of President (WHY?)
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Judiciary Act of 1789
– Section 25 /Fed. Appeal of State decision
Cabinet (Advise the Pres.)
Thomas Jefferson - Sec. of State
Alexander Hamilton - Sec. of Treasury
Economic Issues (Hamilton)
– National Bank Debate
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Huge War Debt
– (federal gov’t will take over the states
war debts – South NOT pleased)
New Capital Compromise (D.C. – South)
– Pierre L’Enfant / Benjamin Banneker
Protective Tariff of 1789
– Tax on Imports / Protects US Jobs
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Whiskey Tax of 1791 (NW frontier)
Whiskey Rebellion 1794 (1st test)
Will the Ex. Branch enforce the law?
Washington “enforces” the law
(1st Test of the Constitution)
How do the 1st Political
Parties Develop?
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Alexander Hamilton
-Federalist
Rich,Educated
-High voting stand.
Strong Central Gov
-some restrictions
-bigger gov’t
Trade, Manuf., etc..
Government Direct
-Gov’t aid
-National Bank
-Internal Taxes
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Thomas Jefferson
-Republican
Common people
-low voting stand.
Weak Cent. Gov’t
-individual rights
-smaller gov’t
Agricultural
Individuals Create
-NO gov’t aid
-NO national bank
-NO internal taxes
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Loose Interpretation
of Constitution
(Liberal)
Bankers, merchants,
professional people,
wealthy farmers
New England &
North Eastern States
Oppose French
Revolution
should support
England (War)
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Strict Interpretation
of Constitution
(Conservative)
Artisans, craftsman,
shopkeepers,
small farmers,
NW frontier settlers
South, New Frontier
Territories (NW)
Support French
Revolution
Should support
France (War)
French Revolution (divided opinions)
 Federalist (oppose) Republican (support)
 Neutrality position (War – Fr./Eng.)
– Both England/France “Bullying us”
 Edmond Genet mission (France)
 John Jay’s Treaty – England
(Americans Object - angry)
A. Hamilton - treason
 Thomas Pinckney Treaty 1795
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– Spain opens Miss. River, lands: east of Mississippi
and Northern Florida (Alabama, Miss, Tenn. Ky)
Government takes new course
 Washingtons’s Farewell Address
NO
- Permanent Foreign Alliances
- Political Parties
John Adams (2nd Pres) Federalist
 Sectionalism Grows (of the country)
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– New England
– North East
– Northwest Frontier
– South
NATIONALISM Feelings
Original
13
& Sectionalism
Growing
-North East Colonies
(NE, NY, NJ,-New
Penn)England -Middle
North West Frontier
South (New -Southern
Territory)
Government takes new course
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XYZ Affair (France)
– “any amount of money for war, but not one
penny for tribute”
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Federalist Policies QUESTIONED
Alien & Sedition Acts (AntiRepublican)
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
– Thomas Jefferson / James Madison
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NULLIFICATION THEORY
– STATES can declares laws UNCONSTITUTIONAL
(IGNORE Federal Law)
– hereby declare, that the acts aforesaid, are unconstitutional; and that the necessary and
proper measures will be taken by each, for co-operating with this state, in maintaining
the Authorities, Rights, and Liberties, referred to the States respectively, or to the people.
Who Decides
Constitutional or Unconstitutional?
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FEDERALIST
Judicial Review
SUPREME COURT
– Marbury v. Madison
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Jeff. Republicans
Nullification Theory
STATES
– Virginia & Kentucky
Resolutions
Definition: First decision by the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional (1803).
At the very end of his term, President John Adams had made many federal
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appointments,
including William Marbury as justice of the peace in D. C.
Thomas Jefferson, the new president, refused to recognize the appointment of Marbury.
– Chief
The normal
practice ofJustice
making suchof
appointments was to deliver a "commission," or
notice, of appointment.
This Court
was normally done by the Secretary of State. Jefferson's
Supreme
Secretary of State at the time was James Madison.
At the direction
of Jefferson, Madison
refused to deliver Marbury's commission. Marbury
– EXPANDS
the power
sued Madison, and the Supreme Court took the case.
Federal
Gov’t
Chief Justiceof
John
Marshall wrote
that the Judiciary Act of 1789, which spelled out the
practice of delivering such commissions for judges and justices of the peace, was
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unconstitutional
because it the gave the Supreme Court authority that was denied it by
Article III of the Constitution. Thus, the Supreme Court said, the Judiciary
ndAct of 1789
was illegal and not to be followed.
This was the first time the Supreme Court struck down a law because it was
 Judiciary Act of 1801
unconstitutional. It was the beginning of the practice of "judicial review."
John Marshall (Federalist)
Jefferson (R)- Adams (F) Election (1800)
-Power is transferred w/o Fight (2 Test)
case of the “Midnight Judges”
1803 - Marbury v. Madison Judicial Review
– Supreme Court Decided UNCONSTITUIONAL
Remember where we were
“The NEW United States”
(will we last as a country?)
 Articles
of Confederation
–PROBLEMS
• Foreign Affairs
• Economic
• Political Unity
 Articles
of CONSTITUTION
–Still have to fix these problems
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Foreign
– British refuse to leave
Great Lakes
• We don’t
pay our debts
– 1784 Spain closes
Mississippi River
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Economic
– HUGE DEBT
($160 million)
• Continental Congress
borrowed from foreign
nations
• Congress & States sell
BONDS to pay for war
• States & Congress
Printed money
(worthless)
• No taxes, or tariffs to
PAY Debts
– Debtors v. Lenders
• High Taxes in states to
pay back Debts
• Paper Currency
(print or not print more $)
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Political
– NO National Unity
– States Interests 1st
over national
interests/needs
– Small states v. Large
states powers/fears
– NEW Northwest Lands
(Who Gets What-How
Much)
Federalist Era ( 1789 - 1801 )
 FEDERAL ACHIEVEMENTS
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Established Credit / National Economy
Created Court system
Showed government can enforce laws
3 “new” states admitted into the Union
Kept nation out of war / foreign policy
“ THE BILL OF RIGHTS”
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1st - Religious and Political Freedom
– Worship (free exercise)
– Speech
– Press
– Assemble / Petition
Congress shall make no laws respecting an establishment
of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or
abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or of the
right of the people peacably to assemble, and to petition the
government for a redress of grievances.
2nd - Right to Bear Arms
A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of
a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms
shall not be infringed.
 3rd
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“ THE BILL OF RIGHTS”
Quartering Troops
No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without
the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be
presented by law
 4th
Search and Seizure
– Probable Cause
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The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers,
and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be
violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause,
supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the
place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
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5th - Rights of Accused Persons
– Testify against yourself
– Double Jeopardy
– Just Compensation (eminent domain)
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DUE PROCESS of LAW
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No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise
infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand
jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the
militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor
shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in
jeopardy of life and limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal
case to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty,
or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property
be taken for public use, without just compensation
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6th -Right to a Speedy, Public Trial
– Confront witnesses
– Assistant of Counsel (lawyer)
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All criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a
speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall
have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the
nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the
witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining
witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his
defense.
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7th - Trial by Jury in Civil Cases
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In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall
exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved,
and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any
court of the United States, than according to the rules of the
common law.
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8th - Limits of Fines & Punishment
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CRUEL & UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT
– Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed,
nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted.
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9th - Rights of People
– “source of power”
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This enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not
be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
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10th - Powers of States & People
– -RESERVED POWERS
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The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution,
nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states
respectively, or to the people
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ELASTIC CLAUSE (Implied FEDERAL Powers)
– To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into
execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by the
Constitution in the government of the United States or in any department
thereof.
Unit Test
Wednesday
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Articles of
Confederation
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Constitutional
Convention
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Constitution and
How the
Government Works
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The Federalist Era
Unit 4 READING SHEETS
* Read the First Section
* Find & Read about these Topics in Text
* Explain / Define the Topics
 Louisiana Purchase  Rise of New York City
 Lewis & Clark
 Development of
National
 Sacajawea
Infrastructure
 War of 1812
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– National Roads
– Causes / Effects
– Toll Roads,
– Battle of New Orleans
– Canals
– Star Spangled Banner
– Railroads
National Identity
Develops (how)
Erie Canal
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Importance of the
Monroe Doctrine
Era of Good Feelings
SHORT ESSAY CHOICES for Unit 3
1)
2)
3)
4)
Explain the Checks &
Balance System of Government
Explain How a Bill Becomes a Law
Compare and Contrast the Political
Views of Alexander Hamilton and
Thomas Jefferson
Explain the Nullification Theory and
the Issue of States Rights v.
Federal Power