Transcript Political developments in the Early National Period

Political developments in the
Early National Period
George Washington
Inaugurated President on April
30, 1789 in New York
John Adams was Vice President
Asked Congress for funds to
created three cabinet positions
The First Cabinet
Secretary of State – Thomas
Jefferson
Secretary of War – Henry Knox
Secretary of the Treasury –
Alexander Hamilton
Creation of a National Bank,
1791
Washington and Hamilton created
the Bank of the United States
Madison and Jefferson greatly
disagreed that Congress had the
power to created the bank
because the Constitution did not
give this power to Congress
Hamilton argued that Congress
had the “implied power” to create
a national bank because of the
“necessary and proper” clause
Greatly extended Congress’s
power and led to the Whiskey
Rebellion
Whiskey Rebellion, 1794
Farmers in western Pennsylvania
protested a tax on whiskey
Washington sent an armed force
against them
From then on, most people in the
West opposed the Federalists
Emergence of Political Parties
Controversy over the Federalists’
support for
the Bank of the United States,
the Jay Treaty, and
the undeclared war on France
contributed to the emergence of an
organized opposition party, the
Democratic-Republicans, led by
Thomas Jefferson and James
Madison.
Emergence of Political Parties
Emerged after George Washington’s
presidency ended in the late 1790s
Jefferson and Madison opposed
Hamilton’s financial plan
Federalists
• Led by John Adams and Alexander
Hamilton
• Believed in a strong national
government and industrial economy
• Were supported by bankers and
business interests in the Northeast.
Democratic Republicans
Led by Thomas Jefferson
Believed in a weak national
government and an agricultural
economy.
Supported by farmers, artisans,
and frontier settlers in the
South
Opposed to he Federalists’ support
for
the Bank of the United States,
the Jay Treaty, and
the undeclared war on France
Election of 1800
Won by Thomas Jefferson, was
the first American presidential
election in which power was
peacefully transferred from one
party to another.
Important Supreme Court
Decisions
Marbury v. Madison
Established the power of the
federal courts to declare laws
unconstitutional: “judicial
review”
Chief Justice John Marshall of
Virginia
McCulloch v. Maryland
prohibited the states from taxing
agencies of the federal government
“the power to tax is the power to
destroy”
Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824
Established the federal government’s
right to regulate all aspects of
interstate commerce (interstate
waterways)
Expansion resulting from the
Louisiana Purchase and War of
1812
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson as President in
1803 purchased the huge
Louisiana Territory from
France
Louisiana Purchase
The purchase doubled the
size of the United States
overnight
Lewis and Clark
Jefferson authorized the
Lewis and Clark expedition to
explore the new territories
that lay west of the
Mississippi River
Lewis
Clark
Lewis and Clark
Sacajawea, an
Indian (First
American) woman,
served as their
guide and
translator