Transcript For Starters

FOR STARTERS
• Using the timeline on pgs. 276-277 answer
the following questions:
1. How many years did George Washington
serve as president?
2. Who became the 2nd President of the United
States?
3. What significant event took place in Europe
in the same year as George Washington’s
inauguration?
FOR STARTERS
Turn to page 300-301 and answer the
following timeline questions:
1. Who did the United States declare war on
in the War of 1812?
2. Who became president in 1801?
3. Where was the Battle of Tippecanoe in
1811?
FOR STARTERS
Turn to pages 328-329 to answer the
following timeline questions:
1. Who was president from 1809-1817?
2. What did the Lancaster Road improve in
the 1790s?
3. In what year did Samuel Slater build a
textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island?
FOR STARTERS
How do you think George Washington felt
when he was elected the first president of
the United States? Explain
How do you think George Washington view
leadership? Explain
FOR STARTERS
Turn to page 280 and answer the Chart
Skills questions (1-2) after looking at the
“Money Problems of the New Nation,
1789-1791” chart.
FOR STARTERS
Turn to page 288 and read the American
Profile on Alexander Hamilton. Answer
the bold question.
FOR STARTERS
Turn to page 309 and read the American
Profile on Sacagawea. Answer the bold
question.
FOR STARTERS
Turn to page 308 and look at the map
“Exploring the West.” Answer questions 23 under the Geography Skills.
FOR STARTERS
3.2.1 SUMMARY
• List three vocabulary words you have
learned this unit.
• List two people you have learned about
this unit.
• List one event you have learned about this
unit.
Content Objectives
• 6.8.13 Describe the early development of the United
States government, including:
- Washington’s cabinet
- Marbury v. Madison
- political parties
• 6.8.14 Describe contributing factors in the development of
a national identity, such as:
- Monroe Doctrine
- the factory system
- Erie Canal
- War of 1812
• 6.8.17 Describe Manifest Destiny and the expansion of the
United States, including:
- Lewis and Clark and the Louisiana Purchase
The Early Republic
Key Terms:
• tariff
• bond
• neutral
• foreign policy
• faction
• nullify
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free market
expedition
embargo
capital
turnpike
TARIFF
A tax on foreign goods
BOND
Certificate that promises
to repay money
loaned, plus interest,
on a certain date.
NEUTRAL
Not taking sides in a
conflict
FOREIGN POLICY
Actions that a nation
takes in relation to other
nations.
FACTION
Opposing group
within a party
NULLIFY
To cancel
FREE MARKET
Economic system in
which goods and
services are
exchanged with little
regulation.
EXPEDITION
Long voyage of exploration
EMBARGO
Ban on trade
CAPITAL
Money raised for a business
venture
TURNPIKE
Toll Booths in the 1800’s
PRESIDENT GEORGE
WASHINGTON
• 1789-1797
• Federalist
• Set more precedent
than any other
president
• Created first
presidential cabinet
Secretary of the Treasury
Alexander Hamilton
• U.S.A. in large debt
after Revolution
• Hamilton put in
charge of fixing
problem
• Hamilton considered
the reason for
American economic
prosperity later on
Treasury Building,
Washington D.C. with statue
of Alexander Hamilton in front
Plans and Compromise
HAMILTON WANTED:
1. Pay off State Debt
2. Buy old bonds
3. Sell new bonds
ANTIFEDERALISTS
WANTED:
1. Opposed government
paying state debt
2. The capitol to be moved
from New York to the
south
3. Disagreed with the buying
and selling of bonds.
THE COMPROMISE:
1. Hamilton could buy and sell of his
bonds
2. Hamilton could pay off state debt
3. The south got the capitol (later, D.C.)
The Nation’s Capitol
The Whiskey Rebellion
• Congress passed a tax on Whiskey
• Farmers rebelled in Pennsylvania
• Washington sent militia…it
worked
– the rebellion was stopped, showing
the new government could
effectively respond to crisis.
The Federalist Party
• Led by Alexander Hamilton
• The wealthy and educated should lead the nation
• STRONG central Government
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Emphasized manufacturing, shipping, and trade
Loose interpretation of the Constitution
Pro-British
Favored national bank
Favored protective tariff
Federalists Principles
Republican Principles
• Led by Thomas Jefferson
• The people should have political power
• Strong STATE governments
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Emphasized agriculture
Strict interpretation of the Constitution
Pro-French
Opposed national bank
Opposed protective tariff
Agriculture (farming)
President John Adams
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1797-1801
Federalist
Very smart, but came off as angry
Only president of first five not to
own slaves (he thought it was a
sin).
• Became very unpopular due to
XYZ affair and Alien and Sedition
Acts.
• Defeated Jefferson in close
election in
1797.
The Alien and Sedition Acts
• President Adams supported these new laws
• The Alien Act: President could expel any
alien, or foreigner, thought to be a threat to the
country.
• The Sedition Act: any citizen could be fined
or jailed if they criticized the government or its
officials.
“Raising Cane”: A fight in Congress
in 1798 over the Sedition Act
President Thomas Jefferson
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Antifederalist/Democratic-Republican
1801-1809
Very laid back
Defeated John Adams in 1801
Considered Renaissance man
Purchased Louisiana Territory
Reduced size of military (would later hurt us in
War of 1812)
Jefferson’s famous home, Monticello, was
where he famously spent most of his time.
With over 200 slaves living there, it looked
more like a city than an estate.
Hamilton and Burr settle
their personal disputes with a duel
Burr mortally wounds Hamilton (he dies the next day from his wounds)
Marbury v. Madison
• Landmark Supreme Court Case in 1803
• Increased power of Supreme Court
• The case was brought when James Madison
didn’t deliver John Adams’ appointments to
federal courts (ordered by President Jefferson)
• Supreme Court ruled in favor of Madison
• Gave Supreme Court power of Judicial
Review
Marbury
Madison
The Louisiana Purchase
• Jefferson sent Robert Livingston and James
Monroe to buy New Orleans and West Florida
from the French (they could spend $10 million)
• The French needed money to pay for the war
offered to sell all of Louisiana
• Monroe and Livingston paid $15 million For ALL
of Louisiana!
• In 1803 the U.S. took control of all the land west of
the Mississippi River and DOUBLED in size
THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE
Lewis and Clark
• Lewis and Clark were given 3 goals for their expedition of
the Louisiana Territory by President Jefferson:
1.) map a route to the Pacific Ocean
2.) study the Geography of the territory
3.) learn about the Indians living in the territory
• They were helped during their voyage by an Indian women
named Sacagawea
• Lewis and Clark left St. Louis in May 1804 and reached
the Pacific Ocean in Nov. of 1805
• The expedition brought back much useful information
about the unknown Louisiana Territory
Lewis and Clark
Goofy Facts (do not copy)
• Long Haul
The expedition traveled over 8000 total miles over a period of 2
years, 4 months and 10 days.
Good Guess
When the expedition reached the Pacific, Clark estimates they have
traveled 4,162 miles from the mouth of the Missouri to the Pacific.
His guess was within 40 miles of the actual distance.
What a Deal
Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory, 820,000
square miles, for $15 million. After interest the final total came to be
$27,267,622. That still works out to be only about 3¢ an acre!
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An Equal Opportunity Expedition
When the expedition reached the Pacific the party voted on where to spend
the winter. York, Clark's slave, is allowed to vote, nearly 60 years before
slaves in the U.S. would be emancipated. Sacagawea is also allowed to
vote, more than a century before either women or Native Americans are
granted full rights of citizenship.
Oops
While hunting in present day North Dakota, Lewis was accidentally shot (in
the behind) by Pierre Cruzatte, a nearsighted member of the crew.
Good Boy
Before the expedition began Lewis purchased a Newfoundland dog,
Seaman, for $20. Although not mentioned very often in their journals, it is
believed that Seaman made the entire journey.
What's for Dinner?
When game was plentiful, each man ate about 9 pounds of meat per day.
President James Madison
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Democratic Republican
1809-1817
Father of the Constitution
President during the War
of 1812
• The war defined his
presidency
Causes of the War of 1812
• We traded with both
France and Britain while
they were both at war
• Many Americans still
disliked Britain
• British started seizing
American ships
• British still gave guns to
Natives on the frontier
Although the U.S. may have
lost this war in many ways, it
gained a new American hero:
Andrew Jackson
A War neither side is ready for
• Congress declared war on
Britain in June 1812
• Neither side was prepared to
fight
• Britain was already at war with
France
• The U.S. military had been
reduced by Jefferson which left
a small navy and small and
inexperienced army
VS.
PART II: “THE BRITISH
TAKE REVENGE”!!!
The War of 1812
• Native Americans who sided with the British faced
crushing losses
• The British invade Washington D.C. and burn down
Washington including the White House.
• The Battle of New Orleans:
- was actually fought 2 weeks after the war had ended
- future President Andrew Jackson becomes a national
hero
• Origin of our Star Spangled Banner written by Francis
Scott Key while watching the British attack Fort McHenry
Where the fighting took place and
burning down the white house
The War Comes to an End
• The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812
it was signed on Dec. 24, 1814 in Ghent,
Belgium.
• Some Americans felt the war was a mistake
and nothing was resolved
• Others felt Europe would now treat us with
respect
The Industrial Revolution
• Late 1700s-early 1800s
• New technology in machinery created the “factory
system”
• Money (capital) to run these factories was
supplied by capitalists (someone who invests in a
company to make a profit)
Pictured left is a picture
of a factory in Lowell,
Massachusetts, a town
that was created
because of a factory!
Below is an artist’s
rendition of the dangers
of factories.
Factories Impact on Daily Life
• Poor families saw both the mother and children
going to work (a mother/wife who stayed home
was a sign of success).
• Children as young as seven went to work in the
factory.
• Men, women, and children typically worked 12
hrs. a day 6 days a week.
Slater’s Mill & A Lowell Girl
Growth of the City
• During the Industrial Revolution many people left
their farms and moved to the city.
• These new cities sprung up around factories.
• These cities were filthy and disease spread
• Theaters, museums, and circuses became popular
• Shopping also became more common (finest
fashions)
From Farms
To
Factories
Moving West
• (1800-1820) many people started moving west
• Private companies improved traveling conditions by
turning trails into turnpikes and corduroy roads.
• A new invention, the steam engine, improved river
transportation
• Canals such as the Erie Canal improved the
transporting of goods from western farms to eastern
markets
Corduroy Roads and the Erie Canal