Transcript France & England at war Napoleon needs $ Port of New Orleans

Thomas Jefferson & Louisiana
Purchase
• Essential Question: What were the
benefits and consequences of
President Jefferson’s decision to buy
New Orleans and the resulting
Louisiana Purchase?
In 1800, France and Spain were negotiating
for ownership of Louisiana territory,
a vast region between the
Mississippi River and the Rocky
Mountains.
Louisiana Purchase background:
• France & England at war Napoleon needs $
• Port of New Orleans closed to Americans
– Jefferson realizes importance of New Orleans to
America
• Jefferson sends Robert Livingston & James
Monroe to buy territory from Napoleon
• U.S. buys about for $15 million from Napoleon
Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte of France, who
had gained control of the Port of New Orleans and the
Louisiana territory, and who was desperate for money,
sold the entire Louisiana territory (828,000
square miles) to the United States for $15
million- about three cents per acre.
Louisiana Purchase doubles size
of United States
Louisiana Purchase
Positive:
• Doubles area of
United States
• New Orleans port city
now open to United
States
• Mississippi river
connects interior to
Gulf Mexico
Negatives:
• Land not really
France’s to sell
– Leads to years of
Native American wars
• Issue of slavery
– Issue of
REPRESENTATION
(3/5 compromise)
 North v South tension
Meriwether Lewis
William Clark
Jefferson chose Captain
Meriwether Lewis to lead an
exploration into the Louisiana
territory. Lewis in turn
recruited his friend Lieutenant
William Clark to oversee a
volunteer force called the
Corps of Discovery.
The Corps of Discovery came
to be known as the Lewis and
Clark expedition.
The goal of the Lewis and
Clark expedition was to
establish good relations with
the Native Americans and try
to find a northwest passage
across the United States.
In 1805 Lewis and Clark were
joined by the 17-year-old
Shoshone wife of a French
trapper named Sacajawea who
proved an invaluable
ambassador to other Native
American tribes.
Lewis and Clark expedition:
crossed the U.S. from the Missouri
River to the Pacific Ocean and
brought back a wealth of scientific and
geographic information. The expedition also
revealed that a northwest water passage
did not exist.
Impact of Western exploration
from 1804-1807
• Accurate maps
• Growth of the fur trade
• Mistaken view of the Great Plains
Map of Lewis and Clark's Track,
Across the Western Portion of
North America, published 1814
James Madison & The War
of 1812
Essential QUESTION: How did President
Madison’s actions, related to protecting
American ships and settlers, affect the
United States during this period of American
History?
James Madison & War of 1812: some
background
James Madison:
• “Father of Constitution”
• Author of Federalist
Papers
• But helps Jefferson start
Democratic – Republican
Party
• Sec. of State to Jefferson
War of 1812:
• US shipping was being
harassed, and cargo was
seized.
• Impressment: English
navy taking U.S. sailors
and making them fight
for them on their ships
• England at war with
Napoleon
• England also backing
Indians in North America
What was Madison’s role leading
up to The War of 1812?
• Non-Intercourse Act
– Forbade trade with France and Britain; however
President could reopen trade when either
France or Britain lifted restrictions
• War Hawks
– Southern congressmen favored war, even
though it hurt the east
What are some major events
leading to The War of 1812?
• Economic Diplomacy Fails
– Embargo Act of 1807 halted
all trade with Europe
– Embargo is a government
ban on trade with other
countries
– Embargo was unpopular in
port cities, especially in the
North
What were some of the benefits
of going to war with Britain?
•
•
•
•
To allow reopening of trade
National Pride
To stop the impressment of sailors
CANADA!!!
What were some drawbacks to
going to war?
• Not everyone in the US wanted to go to war
• Military was small
– Standing Army was small
– Militia comprised most of our forces, and they did not
like to fight outside of their state borders
– Navy was quite small only 22 ships
• Britain was a great Superpower and could crush us
like a bug and we could lose territory that was
gained in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana
Purchase
Declaration of War
• June of 1812 Madison
asked Congress for
declaration of war
• Vote was split along
regional lines
• War started with
Invasion of Canada
Key Battles
• US Burns York (now Toronto)
– US figured the Canadians would welcome the
Americans and quickly join the US to expel Britain
from North America…this did not happen
• Perry Defeated the British on Lake Erie
– This gave the US control of Lake Erie
• Britain Blockades the Eastern Seaboard
– This prevented shipping from leaving, and made the
war more unpopular in the Northeast
The Roof is on Fire…
• In August 1814, British
Forces Sailed into
Chesapeake Bay and
capture Washington
D.C.
• They burn the White
House and the Capitol
• Madison and Congress
Barely escape
Oh Say Can You See…
• Unlike D.C., Baltimore was
Ready for the British
• The City militia inflicted
heavy casualties on the
British
• After bombarding Fort
McHenry on September 13,
1814 The British abandon the
attack
• Francis Scott Key witnessed
the bombardment and penned
a poem which becomes the
National Anthem.
Treaty of Ghent
• Treaty was Negotiated in
Europe and was signed on
Dec. 24, 1814 ending the
war of 1812
• The War ended in a
stalemate, where no party
gained or lost any
territory.
• The issue of impressment
was not addressed, but
faded on its own.
Battle of New Orleans
• Fought after the treaty was
signed (but not ratified)
• Why was New Orleans
important?
• Pirates and Frontiersman
fought alongside US
troops
• Made Andrew Jackson a
National hero and
household name
• Ensured treaty ratification
If The War of 1812 ended in a tie, why
was it important?
• Gave the United States a National Identity (Rise
of Nationalism)
• America gains respect of other nations
• Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the Western
Frontiersmen
– Inspires more westward movement
• Republican Party gains footing and starts pushing
their agenda
– Federalists opposed the war that actually ended up
benefiting America and increasing nationalism
– Looks good for Republicans