Transcript The Federalist Era

Antifederalist v. Federalist
• Liked Articles
• Opposed Strong Central
Gov’t.
• Strong central gov’t
threatened state power
• Constitution favored the
wealthy
• Lacked a Bill of Rights
• Argued against 2/3
Ratification plan
• Opposed to omitting any
reference to God.
• Articles weak and ineffective
• National gov’t needed to be
stronger in order to function
• Strong gov’t to control
uncooperative states
• Men of experience and talent
should govern
• National gov’t would protect
the rights of the people
• Const. and state gov’t
protected individual freedoms
• Separation of church and state
Bill of Rights
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
RAPP
Bear Arms
Troops not arbitrarily quartered
No unreasonable search and seizure
Don’t have to testify against yourself
Fair and speedy criminal trial
Fair and speedy civil trial
No excessive fines or cruel and unusual punishment.
People retain rights not enumerated.
Powers not delegated to the national government are
retained by the people and the states.
Reading Quiz
• Explain some of the contributions
Alexander Hamilton made to the founding
of the nation (exclude the writing of the
Federalist Papers).
The Federalist Era
1789 - 1800
Learning Targets
• I can explain disagreements during the
Washington administration that led to
the development of the First Party
System.
• I can explain the precedents
established by George Washington as
first president of the United States
Washington’s First Term
Problems facing G. Washington:
1. Economic:
Debts
Depression
2. Foreign
English - Indian alliance
French – British rivalry
3. Political division
Hamilton vs. Jefferson
• After reading Hamilton and Jefferson's
views, explain which you think has had
a greater influence on the shape of the
United States today. Include your
reasoning.
Hamilton and Jefferson Debate
• Given the issues facing the country during
the Washington administration, support
your assigned leader and his views. Rebut
the arguments of your opponent.
– Support your leader’s view on human nature
and explain how it influences his views on the
issues of the day.
– Support your leader’s view of the role
government and explain how it influences the
correctness of his policies.
Washington’s First Cabinet
Henry
Knox:
Secretary
of War
Alexander
Hamilton:
Secretary of
the Treasury
Thomas
Jefferson:
Secretary of
State
John
Adams:
Vice
President
The Political Division
The Federalists:
Pro-industry
Pro-England (due to
trade needs)
High tariffs and excise
taxes (i.e. whiskey)
Strong centralized
government
Favored the wealthy
The DemocraticRepublicans:
Pro-agriculture
Pro-France
Opposed to taxes
Strong State
governments
Favored the middle and
lower classes
Hamilton’s Financial System
Overall belief- “Trickle down” economics
favor the wealthy and economic growth will
“trickle down” to the masses
B-Bank of US
E-Excise Taxes
F-Funding at Par
A-Assumption of State Debts
T-Tariffs
The Bank of the United States
(Hamilton’s view)
Would provide a safe place to keep tax
revenue for the US government
Would regulate banks
Would provide low-interest loans to
industrial classes
The Bank of the United States
(Jefferson’s View)
Tax system hurt the farming classes
Money lent to industrialists came from
farming classes
Unconstitutional
Dictatorial
Reactions to the Bank (BUS)
• Washington sides with Hamilton
• Jefferson and Madison form an opposition
party (the Democrat-Republicans)
The Whiskey Rebellion
Revolt caused by farmers/whiskey
producers angry about the tax on
whiskey
Revolt put down by Washington
Shows the strength of the new Constitution
Categorize the following as views held
by either Federalists or Democratic
Republicans
•
•
•
•
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•
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•
•
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Distrust of the “common” people
National debt was a curse to future generations
Biggest appeal to lower and middle classes
Primarily agrarian
Supported a strong central government
Pro-British
Pro-French
Believed in government by upper class
Best gov. is one that governs least
Mostly lived on eastern seaboard
Federal gov. should encourage manufacturing &
business
The French are Revolting!
• Split between the Feds and DRs
• Split within the government
Hamilton – opposes supporting the
revolutionaries
Jefferson – wants
support for the
revolutionaries
The Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)
• Authored by Hamilton
• Issued by Washington
• Led to the precedent of
non-involvement and
neutrality in foreign affairs
More Problems with the British
• Impressment of American sailors;
Seizure of American
ships and cargo; act of
war by the British
Indian Uprisings
• Battle of Fallen Timbers (August 20, 1794)
• Evidence of British
aid and involvement
• Violation of Treaty
of Paris (1783)
Jay’s Treaty
• Washington’s dilemma:
War or Diplomacy
John Jay sent to negotiate
new treaty
Action very unpopular with many
Americans;
Hamilton’s “betrayal” leads to
very weak treaty;
The Retirement of George Washington
• Precedents set by GW:
–Two term tradition
–Use of the Cabinet
–Neutrality in foreign matters
The Farewell Address
• December, 1796
• Authored by Hamilton
• Emphasized neutrality in foreign affairs
• “they (the US) should with sincerity
and good faith adopt and pursue a
conduct friendly and impartial toward
the belligerent Powers.”
The Election of 1796
• The Federalists
Strong central govt.
Pro-Britain
Pro-industry
• The Dem. Republicans
Strong State govts.
Pro-France
Pro-agriculture
The Election of 1796
Issues:
Jay’s Treaty
Hamilton’s financial system
Foreign policy
Results:
Adams – Pres.
Jefferson – VP
The XYZ Affair
American diplomats extorted for a bribe from
unknown French diplomats
US rejects demands, leaves France
Reaction to the XYZ Affair
• Federalists pressure Adams to pursue war
Adams resists, but unofficial “war” breaks out in the
Caribbean; two year conflict with France begins
The Alien and Sedition
Acts
Passed by Federalist Congress
• The Alien Acts
Deports nonresidents
supportive of the
French
Aimed at newly arrived
immigrants, primarily
DR supporters
• The Sedition Acts
Made criticism of the war,
the President, or the
Congress illegal
Aimed at DRs, incl.
Jefferson and Madison
Controversy over the Acts
The Virginia and Kentucky
Resolutions
Proposed by Jefferson
and Madison to oppose
A & S Acts
Doctrine of nullification:
States can counteract or
not enforce federal laws
America in 1800
• Government divided by Federalists and
Democrat-Republicans
• “War” with France
• VP an outlaw
• Divided country