Transcript Federalists and Republicans, 1789-1816

Chapter 6
Chapter 6 Section 1
 April
6, 1789: Washington is elected as first
president under the new Constitution.
 Creating a New Government
• President’s Cabinet:
 Dept. of State- Thomas Jefferson
 Dept. of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton
 Dept. of War- Gen. Henry Knox
 Attorney General- Edmund Randolph
• Judiciary Act of 1789
 Est. the Supreme Court (John Jay became 1st Chief Justice)
• Passage of the Bill of Rights
 1st ten amendments to the Constitution
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Department of State
Department of Treasury
Department of Defense
Department of Justice
Department of the Interior
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
Department of Labor
Department of Health and Human Resources
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of Transportation
Department of Energy
Department of Education
Department of Veterans Affairs
Department of Homeland Security
 Question
#1: What executive
departments did Congress establish?
 James
Madison
• Believed the best way to fund the government
was through the taxation of imports.
• The Tariff of 1789
 Importers paid a percentage of the value of their
cargo and tonnage.
 Angered Southern planters because it meant higher
prices for the goods they imported.
Tax and
Borrow
Money
Impose
direct
taxes on
people
Hamilton’s
Financial Plan
Est. the
Bank of
the
United
States
Pay back
war
bonds
 Hamilton’s
plan accepted
• capital moved from NY south to a piece of land
along the Potomac River.
 The
Bank of the United States
• Madison argued a bank couldn’t be est. because
it was not among the enumerated powers.
• Article I, Section 8
 The “Necessary and Proper” clause created Implied
powers
 Question
#2: Why did James Madison
object to Alexander Hamilton’s plan for a
national bank?
FEDERALISTS
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Supported the ideas of
Hamilton.
Favored strong national
gov.
Gov. in the hands of the
“rich, well born, and able”
Loose interpretation of the
Constitution.
Attracted urban Northeast
DEMOCRATICREPUBLICANS
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Led by Thomas Jefferson
Favored state governments
sovereignty.
Strict interpretation of the
Constitution.
Attracted rural Southern
and Western farmers
 Question
#3: How did the Federalists and
the Democratic-Republicans
(Republicans) differ on their belief of the
source of national wealth and power?
The Whiskey
1.
2.
3.
Rebellion
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
How did Hamilton’s plan help lead
to the rebellion?
What was the result of the
rebellion?
 On
the slip of paper, answer the following
question.
 Which emerging political party,
federalists or democratic-republicans,
would you align yourself with and
why?
Chapter 6 Section 2
 American
Response to European conflict
• After the French Revolution, the French declared
war on Britain.
• If Washington agrees to support the French, he
risks war with Britain.
• Washington declares U.S. “friendly and
impartial”
• British intercept neutral ships bound for France.
 Jay’s Treaty
• Gave Britain power to seize American cargo
ships bound for France without compensation in
return for most-favored country status.
 Pinckney’s Treaty
• Granted the U.S. the power to trade along the
Spanish held Mississippi River.
 Americans
flocked to the Northwest
Territory, drawn by land, fertile soil, rivers,
and fish and game.
 Led to confrontations with Native
Americans.
• Treaty of Greenville – 12 Native American tribes
signed and agreed to give up part of southern Ohio
and Indiana in exchange for yearly payment.
 By
1803, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio had
become states.
 Washington’s
Farewell Address, Pg. 1068
 Read Washington’s address and complete
the APPARTS handout.
 Answers should reflect critical thinking
and a thorough understanding of the
significance of the document.
 Farewell Address
• The Importance of Unity, and The Danger of
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Sectionalism
The Threat of Political Factions
The Danger of Constitutional Amendments
Designed to Weaken The Government.
Danger of Political Parties
Religion, Morality, and Education
The Importance of Credit, and The Sparing Use
of Government Borrowing
Foreign Relations, The Dangers of Permanent
Foreign Alliances, and Free Trade
 Federalist
John Adams edges
Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson
71-68.
 In
reaction to Jay’s Treaty, the French
began seizing American ships.
• Congress ordered the navy to capture any
armed French vessel.
• Undeclared sea warfare.
 The
Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798
 First three laws aimed at aliens, people
living in the country who were not
citizens.
• 14 year wait to become citizen.
• President may deport any alien deemed
dangerous without trial.
 Fourth
law aimed at preventing sedition,
or incitement to rebellion.
 The Virginia
and Kentucky Resolutions
• Opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts.
 Virginia
Resolution:
• Argued that states could end unconstitutional
acts by Congress.
 Kentucky
Resolution:
• Advanced the theory of nullification, states had
the right to declare an unconstitutional law
invalid.
Chapter 6 Section 3
 Thomas
Jefferson defeats John Adams
reelection bid.
 “Revolution of 1800”
 Chapter
6 Section 3, pg 221-225
 Create a TIMELINE of important events
related to Jefferson’s presidency you read
about in this section.
 Each event should include a brief
description of its significance.
 Minimum of 8 events
 Integrated
Republican ideas into
Federalist policies already in place.
 Jefferson hoped to limit the size of
federal power.
 He began paying off the federal debt, cut
government spending, and ended the
whiskey tax.
 Question
#4: What did Jefferson’s
election in 1800 help demonstrate about
our new form of government?
 Judiciary
Act of 1801 and Adam’s
“Midnight Judges”
• Jefferson seeks control of the courts; repeals
Judiciary Act
• Judges could only be removed for criminal
behavior.
 Marbury
v. Madison
• Chief Justice John Marshall’s ruling helped
strengthen the Supreme Court.
• Established the court’s right to judicial review,
the Court has the final say on what the
Constitution means.
 Question
#5: How does judicial review
serve as a check and balance to
Congress and the President?
 The
Louisiana Purchase
• April 30, 1803, the U.S. bought Louisiana from
France for $15 million.
• U.S. more than doubled its size and gained the
Mississippi River.
 Lewis
and Clark Expedition
• Explored the Louisiana Territory with the help of
Sacagawea.
 The
Pike Expedition
• Explored the upper Mississippi River, Colorado
Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and Rio Grande
 The
Essex Junto
• New England Federalists feared they would lose
their national influence
• Small group of Federalists called the Essex Junto
who planned to take New England out of the
Union.
Chapter 6 Section 4
 Economic Warfare
• British declared that all ships going to Europe
needed British licenses.
• France deemed any merchant who obeyed the
British would have their goods confiscated.
 British
policy of Impressment
• Forced people into military service.
 Economic
Diplomacy Fails
• Jefferson’s solution = stop trade with Europe
• Embargo Act of 1807, government ban on trade
with other countries.
 James
Madison elected president, 1808
• Wanted to avoid war with Britain.
 Reopened
trade with Britain and France.
• If either nation agreed to drop its trade restrictions,
the U.S. would stop importing goods from the other
nation.
 France
agreed, in 1812 the U.S. refused to
buy British goods.
 June 1812, Britain ends all trade restrictions
 June 1812, U.S. declares war on Britain
 The War
Hawks
 Henry Clay (KY), John C. Calhoun (SC),
and Felix Grundy (TN)
 Reasons for war:
1. British trade restrictions hurt southern farmers
2. Blamed the British for arming Native
Americans
 Battle of Tippecanoe
• William Henry Harrison defeats Shawnee leader
Tecumseh who then flees to British held Canada.
 Many
Americans were divided over the
war.
• “Mr. Madison’s War”
 Madison
hoped that seizing Canada
would end Native American attacks.
• By the end of 1813, the US still had not
conquered any territory in Canada.
 British
Plan:
1. Navy would raid American cities along the
coast
2. March into NY from Montreal, cutting NE off
from the rest of the country.
3. Seize New Orleans and close the Miss. R.
 Raids
on Washington D.C. and Baltimore
 Set fire to the White House and Capitol
 British abandon their attack on
Baltimore’s Fort McHenry.
 Battle of Lake Champlain, Sept 11, 1814
• British fleet dealt decisive defeat; retreat back to
Montreal.
 The Battle of New Orleans, Jan 1815
• 55 U.S. killed, 185 wounded; 1900 British killed or
wounded
• Made Gen. Andrew Jackson a national hero.
 Treaty of Ghent, Dec. 24, 1814
• Ended the war, restoring prewar boundaries
• New spirit of patriotism and national unity.
 Question
#6: How did the War of 1812
affect the United States? What was its
impact? Be specific.