Transcript Psychological Therapies

Psychological Therapies
Therapy
• It used to be that if
someone exhibited
abnormal behavior,
they were
institutionalized.
• Because of new drugs
and better therapy,
the U.S. went to a
policy of
deinstitutionalization.
Somatic Therapies
(psychiatrist or clinical psychologist?)
Psychopharmacology
• Antipsychotics
(thorazine, haldol)
• Anti-anxiety (valium,
barbiturates, Xanax)
• Mood Disorders
(serotonin reuptake
inhibitors)
• Bipolar (lithium)
Psychopharmacology
• The study of the effects of drugs
on mind and behavior.
Antianxiety Drugs
• Includes drugs like Valium,Xanax
Librium.
•Like alcohol, they depress nervous
system activity.
•Most widely abused drugs.
Do they really solve the problem?
Lithium
chemical that provides an effective
drug therapy for the mood swings of
bipolar (manic-depressive) disorders
Antidepressant Drugs
• Lift you up out of
depression.
Most increase the neurotransmitter
norepinephrine and serotonin.
Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft
• Work by blocking serotonin reuptake.
Drugs and Hospitalization
Somatic Therapy
• Electroconvulsive
Therapy (ECT)- for
depression.
• Psychosurgury
lobotomy
Psychotherapy
• An interaction between a trained
therapist and someone suffering from
psychological difficulties.
Psychoanalytic Therapy
what name???what time of life???
• Psychoanalysis
(manifest and latent
content through….
hypnosis free
association, dream,
interpretation).
• Unconscious
• Transference
Transference
• In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to
the analyst of emotions linked with other
relationships.
How effect is Psychotherapy?
• Eysenck’s challenge in 1950’s
• Meta-analysis ( statistically combining
the results of many different studies)
Humanistic Therapy
past or present??? Schizophrenics?
• Client-Centered Therapy
by Carl Rogers
• These are non-directive
therapies and use active
listening.
• Self-actualization, freewill and unconditional
positive regard.
• Gestalt Therapy by Fritz
Perls encourage clients to
get in touch with whole
self.
Most widely used Humanistic technique is:
Client (Person) Centered Therapy
• Developed by Carl Rogers
•Therapist should
use genuineness,
acceptance and
empathy to show
unconditional
positive regard
towards their
clients.
Active Listening
• Central to Roger’s client-centered
therapy
•Empathetic listening where the
listener echoes, restates and clarifies.
Behavioral Therapies
here and now/anyone other than schiz
Counterconditioning
1. Classical Conditioning
2. Aversive Conditioning
3. Systematic
desensitization
4.Flooding
5.Operant Conditioning
6.Token Economy
Behavior Therapies
• Therapy that applies learning principles
to the elimination of unwanted
behaviors.
•The behaviors are the problems- so
we must change the behaviors.
Classical Conditioning Techniques
Counterconditioning:
• A behavioral therapy that conditions
new responses to stimuli that trigger
unwanted behaviors.
Two Types:
Systematic Desensitization
• A type of counterconditioning that
associates a pleasant relaxed state
with gradually increasing anxietytriggering stimuli.
How would I use
systematic
desensitization to
reduce my fear of old
dentists?
ANXIETY HIERARCHY USED IN SYSTEMATC
DESENSITIZATION
Behavior Therapy
 Systematic Desensitization
Flooding
Aversive Conditioning
What are some ways you can
change the behaviors of your
friends with aversive
conditioning who bite their
fingernails?
Aversive Conditioning
• A type of counterconditioning that
associates an unpleasant state with an
unwanted behavior.
How would putting poop on the fingernails
of a nail biter effect their behavior?
Aversive Conditioning
Virtual Technology Exposure Therapy
Operant Conditioning
Token Economy: an operant conditioning
procedure that rewards a desired
behavior.
A patient exchanges a token of some sort,
earned for exhibiting the desired behavior,
for various privileges or treats.
Cognitive Therapy
• Change the way we
view the world
(change our
schemas)
• Aaron Beck
• Albert Ellis and
Rational Emotive
Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
Cognitive Therapies
• A therapy that teaches people
new, more adaptive ways of thinking
and acting; based on the
assumptions that thoughts
intervene between events and our
emotional reactions.
Cognitive Therapy
• Cognitive
Therapists try to
teach people new,
more
constructive ways
of thinking.
Is .300 a good or bad
batting average?
Cognitive Therapy
Aaron Beck and his view of
Depression
• Noticed that
depressed people were
similar in the way they
viewed the world.
• Used cognitive therapy
get people to take off
the “dark sunglasses” in
which they view their
surroundings
Cognitive Therapy- Does It Work?
Group Therapy
Eclectic Approach
• The most popular form of therapyit is basically a smorgasbord where
the therapist combines techniques
from different schools of
psychology.