Transcript Theoretical Foundations - Seattle Central College

Theoretical Foundations
Biological Theory
1.
Genetic•
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2.
About half of intelligence is attributed to genes
73% of obesity
Anatomical-structure of the brain
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3.
less gray matter in frontal lobe with ADHD and conduct
disorder
Functional-activity in the brain
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4.
Lower than normal physiological arousal in highly aggressive
people
Neurochemical-processing of neurotransmitters
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Serotonin is related to both aggression and depression.
Dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin are involved in adhd
Cognitive theory-Piaget
Cognition- “the process of organizing and making
meaning of experience” (N & N)
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Schemas represent our ideas of things, concepts, etc.
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Disequilibrium leads to adaptation to new information
to achieve equilibrium.
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Assimilation and accommodation
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Series of stages, which dictate how we process new
information
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Sensorimotor-birth to 18 months
Preoperational-18 months to 5 or 6
Concrete operational-5 or 6 to 11 or 12
Formal operational-11 or 12 through adulthood
Cognitive theory-Vygotsky
1. Interaction within a cultural context is key
to development.
2. Intermental to intramental-means our
engagement with the external world
leads to understanding within oneself.
3. Zone of proximal development-the gap
between where you are and where you
can go with external guidance.
Learning theories
1. Classical conditioning
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UCS: being yelled at….UCR: anxiety
CS: contact with yeller CR: anxiety
2. Operant conditioning
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Reinforcement and punishment
Contingency management
3. Social learning
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Learning through observation of others
Identification with the other
Consequences of other’s behavior
Cognitive-behavioral theory
1. Looks at the relationship between thoughts,
feelings and behaviors-see fig. 4.3.
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Encodings-schemas we have about self, situation,
others
Expectancies-expectations and beliefs
Affects-emotions, physiological responses
Goals and values-how important is “it” to us
Cognitive competencies-skills, knowledge, abilities
Self-regulatory plans-how do we go about reaching
our goals
Cultural Theory
1. Culture is defined as “the learned
systems of meanings and patterns of
behavior that are shared by a group of
people and transmitted from one
generation to another.”
2. Transmission occurs via a variety of
learning processes.
3. Continuity and discontinuity
4. Individualism vs. collectivism
Systems theory
1. All systems seek to maintain a state of
equilibrium.
2. The various systems of a person’s life
interact with the individual and with each
other.
Whale Rider
1. Each group will be assigned a specific
theory.
2. As you watch the video clips, look for
examples of concepts from the theory.
3. Re-group and discuss examples to clarify
the meaning of the concepts.
4. Report back to class.